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Mechanical regulation of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation
Author(s) -
Steward Andrew J.,
Kelly Daniel J.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
journal of anatomy
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.932
H-Index - 118
eISSN - 1469-7580
pISSN - 0021-8782
DOI - 10.1111/joa.12243
Subject(s) - mechanotransduction , mesenchymal stem cell , microbiology and biotechnology , stem cell , hydrostatic pressure , adipogenesis , mechanobiology , focal adhesion , cellular differentiation , biology , chondrogenesis , regenerative medicine , neuroscience , signal transduction , physics , mechanics , gene , biochemistry
Abstract Biophysical cues play a key role in directing the lineage commitment of mesenchymal stem cells or multipotent stromal cells ( MSC s), but the mechanotransductive mechanisms at play are still not fully understood. This review article first describes the roles of both substrate mechanics (e.g. stiffness and topography) and extrinsic mechanical cues (e.g. fluid flow, compression, hydrostatic pressure, tension) on the differentiation of MSC s. A specific focus is placed on the role of such factors in regulating the osteogenic, chondrogenic, myogenic and adipogenic differentiation of MSC s. Next, the article focuses on the cellular components, specifically integrins, ion channels, focal adhesions and the cytoskeleton, hypothesized to be involved in MSC mechanotransduction. This review aims to illustrate the strides that have been made in elucidating how MSC s sense and respond to their mechanical environment, and also to identify areas where further research is needed.