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Barriers to Prostate Cancer Screening by Men in Sub‐Saharan Africa: An Integrated Review
Author(s) -
Baratedi William M.,
Tshiamo Wananani B.,
Mogobe Keitshokile D.,
McFarland Ditsapelo M.
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
journal of nursing scholarship
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.009
H-Index - 80
eISSN - 1547-5069
pISSN - 1527-6546
DOI - 10.1111/jnu.12529
Subject(s) - cinahl , psycinfo , prostate cancer screening , medline , prostate cancer , inclusion (mineral) , relevance (law) , medicine , family medicine , gerontology , psychological intervention , cancer , psychology , nursing , prostate specific antigen , political science , social psychology , law
Abstract Purpose The aim of this integrative review was to synthesize findings of the published studies on barriers to prostate cancer screening by men in sub‐Saharan Africa. Design and Method Five‐step Cooper integrative methodology guided this review. Electronic databases, including the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, EBSCOHOST, MEDLINE, ProQuest, and PsycINFO, were searched using specific search terms in combinations to identify relevant articles for the review. Through this process, 83 articles were retrieved and evaluated for duplications and relevance of titles, abstracts, and content. Seventeen articles met the inclusion criteria and were judged to be methodologically adequate. These articles were published between 2008 and 2018. Findings Studies that met the inclusion criteria were from seven sub‐Saharan countries, including Burkina Faso ( n = 1), Ghana ( n = 1), Kenya ( n = 2), Namibia ( n = 1), Nigeria ( n = 8), South Africa ( n = 3), and Uganda ( n = 1). The most common barrier was lack of knowledge, followed by perceptions, attitudes, and beliefs that hindered screening and testing for prostate cancer. Conclusions The findings from the integrative review suggest that individuals with low levels of education tend to lack knowledge, cannot comprehend information, and are mistrustful about prostate cancer screening. Low socio‐economic status was also associated with poor prostate screening and testing uptake. Clinical Relevance Evidence from this review demonstrates that lack of knowledge is a major barrier for prostate screening among men in many parts of sub‐Saharan Africa.