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Nonclassical Progesterone Signalling Molecules in the Nervous System
Author(s) -
Petersen S. L.,
Intlekofer K. A.,
MouraConlon P. J.,
Brewer D. N.,
Pino Sans J.,
Lopez J. A.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
journal of neuroendocrinology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.062
H-Index - 116
eISSN - 1365-2826
pISSN - 0953-8194
DOI - 10.1111/jne.12060
Subject(s) - receptor , progestin , endocrinology , neuroprotection , medicine , steroid hormone , progesterone receptor , hormone , biology , signalling , neuroactive steroid , neuroscience , microbiology and biotechnology , gabaa receptor , estrogen receptor , cancer , breast cancer
Progesterone ( P 4) regulates a wide range of cognitive, neuroendocrine, neuroimmune and neuroprotective functions. Therefore, it is not surprising that this ovarian hormone acts through multiple receptors. Ever since the 1980s, studies investigating the neural effects of P 4 have focused mainly on genomic and nongenomic actions of the classical progestin receptor ( PGR ). More recently, two groups of nonclassical P 4 signalling molecules have been identified: (i) the class II progestin and adipo Q receptor ( PAQR ) family, which includes PAQR 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, also called membrane progestin receptor α (m PR α; PAQR 7), m PR β ( PAQR 8), m PR γ ( PAQR 5), m PR δ ( PAQR 6) and m PR ε ( PAQR 9), and (ii) the b5‐like haeme/steroid‐binding protein family, which includes progesterone receptor membrane component 1 ( P grmc1), Pgrmc2, neudesin and neuferricin. In this review, we describe the structures, neuroanatomical localisation and signalling mechanisms of these molecules. We also discuss gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone regulation as an example of a physiological function regulated by multiple progesterone receptors but through different mechanisms.