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Fatty acid amide hydrolase ( FAAH ) regulates hypercapnia/ischemia‐induced increases in n‐acylethanolamines in mouse brain
Author(s) -
Lin Lin,
Metherel Adam H.,
Jones Peter J.,
Bazinet Richard P.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
journal of neurochemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.75
H-Index - 229
eISSN - 1471-4159
pISSN - 0022-3042
DOI - 10.1111/jnc.14067
Subject(s) - fatty acid amide hydrolase , anandamide , docosahexaenoic acid , endocannabinoid system , arachidonic acid , chemistry , biochemistry , endocrinology , medicine , pharmacology , receptor , fatty acid , cannabinoid receptor , biology , polyunsaturated fatty acid , antagonist , enzyme
N‐acylethanolamines (NAEs) are endogenous lipid ligands for several receptors including cannabinoid receptors and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐alpha (PPAR‐α), which regulate numerous physiological functions. Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is largely responsible for the degradation of NAEs. However, at high concentrations of ethanolamines and unesterified fatty acids, FAAH can also catalyze the reverse reaction, producing NAEs. Several brain insults such as ischemia and hypoxia increase brain unesterified fatty acids. Because FAAH can catalyze the synthesis of NAE, we aimed to test whether FAAH was necessary for CO 2 ‐induced hypercapnia/ischemia increases in NAE. To test this, we examined levels of NAEs, 1‐ and 2‐arachidonoylglycerols as well as their corresponding fatty acid precursors in wild‐type and mice lacking FAAH (FAAH‐KO) with three Kill methods: (i) head‐focused, high‐energy microwave irradiation (microwave), (ii) 5 min CO 2 followed by microwave irradiation (CO 2 + microwave), and (iii) 5 min CO 2 only (CO 2 ). Both CO 2 ‐induced groups increased, to a similar extent, brain levels of unesterified oleic, arachidonic, and docosahexaenoic acid and 1‐ and 2‐arachidonoylglycerols compared to the microwave group in both wild‐type and FAAH‐KO mice. Oleoylethanolamide (OEA), arachidonoylethanolamide (AEA), and docosahexaenoylethanolamide (DHEA) levels were about 8‐, 7‐, and 2.5‐fold higher, respectively, in the FAAH‐KO mice compared with the wild‐type mice. Interestingly, the concentrations of OEA, AEA, and DHEA increased 2.5‐ to 4‐fold in response to both CO 2 ‐induced groups in wild‐type mice, but DHEA increased only in the CO 2 group in FAAH‐KO mice. Our study demonstrates that FAAH is necessary for CO 2 ‐ induced increases in OEA and AEA but not DHEA. Targeting brain FAAH could impair the production of NAEs in response to brain injuries.