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Prior regular exercise improves clinical outcome and reduces demyelination and axonal injury in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Author(s) -
Bernardes Danielle,
Brambilla Roberta,
BracchiRicard Valerie,
Karmally Shaffiat,
Dellarole Anna,
CarvalhoTavares Juliana,
Bethea John R
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
journal of neurochemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.75
H-Index - 229
eISSN - 1471-4159
pISSN - 0022-3042
DOI - 10.1111/jnc.13354
Subject(s) - experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis , medicine , encephalomyelitis , myelin , immunology , multiple sclerosis , inflammation , spinal cord , myelin basic protein , myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein , pathological , t cell , central nervous system , pathology , immune system , psychiatry
Although previous studies have shown that forced exercise modulates inflammation and is therapeutic acutely for experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis ( EAE ), the long‐term benefits have not been evaluated. In this study, we investigated the effects of preconditioning exercise on the clinical and pathological progression of EAE . Female C57 BL /6 mice were randomly assigned to either an exercised (Ex) or unexercised ( UE x) group and all of them were induced for EAE . Mice in the Ex group had an attenuated clinical score relative to UE x mice throughout the study. At 42 dpi, flow cytometry analysis showed a significant reduction in B cells, CD 4 + T cells, and CD 8 + T cells infiltrating into the spinal cord in the Ex group compared to UE x. Ex mice also had a significant reduction in myelin damage with a corresponding increase in proteolipid protein expression. Finally, Ex mice had a significant reduction in axonal damage. Collectively, our study demonstrates for the first time that a prolonged and forced preconditioning protocol of exercise improves clinical outcome and attenuates pathological hallmarks of EAE at chronic disease.In this study, we show that a program of 6 weeks of preconditioning exercise promoted a significant reduction of cells infiltrating into the spinal cord, a significant reduction in myelin damage and a significant reduction in axonal damage in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice at 42 dpi. Collectively, our study demonstrates for the first time that a preconditioning protocol of exercise improves clinical outcome and attenuates pathological hallmarks of EAE at chronic disease.