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Acrolein stimulates the synthesis of IL ‐6 and C‐reactive protein ( CRP ) in thrombosis model mice and cultured cells
Author(s) -
Saiki Ryotaro,
Hayashi Daisuke,
Ikuo Yukiko,
Nishimura Kazuhiro,
Ishii Itsuko,
Kobayashi Kaoru,
Chiba Kan,
Toida Toshihiko,
Kashiwagi Keiko,
Igarashi Kazuei
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
journal of neurochemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.75
H-Index - 229
eISSN - 1471-4159
pISSN - 0022-3042
DOI - 10.1111/jnc.12336
Subject(s) - acrolein , microbiology and biotechnology , chemistry , umbilical vein , immunology , biology , biochemistry , in vitro , catalysis
Measurements of protein‐conjugated acrolein (PC‐Acro), IL‐6, and C‐reactive protein (CRP) in plasma were useful for identifying silent brain infarction with high sensitivity and specificity. The aim of this study was to determine whether acrolein causes increased production of IL‐6 and CRP in thrombosis model mice and cultured cells. In mice with photochemically induced thrombosis, acrolein produced at the locus of infarction increased the level of IL‐6 and then CRP in plasma. This was confirmed in cell culture systems – acrolein stimulated the production of IL‐6 in mouse neuroblastoma Neuro‐2a cells, mouse macrophage‐like J774.1 cells, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), and IL‐6 in turn stimulated the production of CRP in human hepatocarcinoma cells. The level of IL‐6 mRNA was increased by acrolein through an increase in phosphorylation of the transcription factors, c‐Jun, and NF‐κB p65. Furthermore, CRP stimulated IL‐6 production in mouse macrophage‐like J774.1 cells and HUVEC. IL‐6 functioned as a protective factor against acrolein toxicity in Neuro‐2a cells and HUVEC. These results show that acrolein stimulates the synthesis of IL‐6 and CRP, which function as protecting factors against acrolein toxicity, and that the combined measurement of PC‐Acro, IL‐6, and CRP is effective for identification of silent brain infarction.The combined measurements of protein‐conjugated acrolein (PC‐Acro), IL‐6, and C‐reactive protein (CRP) in plasma were useful for identifying silent brain infarction. The aim of this study was to determine whether acrolein causes increased production of IL‐6 and CRP, and indeed acrolein increased IL‐6 synthesis and IL‐6 in turn increased CRP synthesis. Furthermore, IL‐6 decreased acrolein toxicity in several cell lines.