Premium
Omega‐3 fatty acid eicospentaenoic acid attenuates MPP + ‐induced neurodegeneration in fully differentiated human SH ‐ SY 5Y and primary mesencephalic cells
Author(s) -
Luchtman Dirk W.,
Meng Qingjia,
Wang Xiaofeng,
Shao Di,
Song Cai
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
journal of neurochemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.75
H-Index - 229
eISSN - 1471-4159
pISSN - 0022-3042
DOI - 10.1111/jnc.12068
Subject(s) - neuroprotection , eicosapentaenoic acid , arachidonic acid , sh sy5y , neurodegeneration , reactive oxygen species , biochemistry , chemistry , nitric oxide , microbiology and biotechnology , pharmacology , biology , fatty acid , polyunsaturated fatty acid , cell culture , enzyme , medicine , genetics , disease , neuroblastoma , organic chemistry
Eicosapentaenoic acid ( EPA ), a neuroactive omega‐3 fatty acid, has been demonstrated to exert neuroprotective effects in experimental models of Parkinson's disease ( PD ), but the cellular mechanisms of protection are unknown. Here, we studied the effects of EPA in fully differentiated human SH‐SY5Y cells and primary mesencephalic neurons treated with MPP + . In both in‐vitro models of PD, EPA attenuated an MPP + ‐induced reduction in cell viability. EPA also prevented the presence of electron‐dense cytoplasmic inclusions in SH‐SY5Y cells. Then, possible mechanisms of the neuroprotection were studied. In primary neurons, EPA attenuated an MPP + ‐induced increase in Tyrosine‐related kinase B (TrkB) receptors. In SH‐SY5Y cells, EPA down‐regulated reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide. This antioxidant effect of EPA may have been mediated by its inhibition of neuronal NADPH oxidase and cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 ( COX ‐2), as MPP + increased the expression of these enzymes. Furthermore, EPA prevented an increase in cytosolic phospholipase A2 ( cPLA 2), an enzyme linked with COX ‐2 in the potentially pro‐inflammatory arachidonic acid cascade. Lastly, EPA attenuated an increase in the bax:bcl‐2 ratio, and cytochrome c release. However, EPA did not prevent mitochondrial enlargement or a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential. This study demonstrated cellular mechanisms by which EPA provided neuroprotective effects in experimental PD.