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Attention‐Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Clinical Considerations for Women
Author(s) -
Marraccini Marisa E.,
Weyandt Lisa L.,
Gudmundsdottir Bergljot Gyda,
Oster Danielle R.,
McCallum Alison
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
journal of midwifery and women's health
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.543
H-Index - 62
eISSN - 1542-2011
pISSN - 1526-9523
DOI - 10.1111/jmwh.12671
Subject(s) - stimulant , medical prescription , impulsivity , attention deficit hyperactivity disorder , psychiatry , medicine , psychosocial , harm , intervention (counseling) , methylphenidate , attention deficit disorder , breastfeeding , attention deficit , psychology , pediatrics , nursing , social psychology
Attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by hyperactivity, impulsivity, and/or inattention. Women with ADHD represent a particularly vulnerable group, given their increased risk for psychosocial and parenting difficulties. Women's health care clinicians should expect to encounter women with diagnosed and undiagnosed ADHD that may or may not be treated. Pharmacologic intervention, namely, prescription stimulants, is an important consideration for pregnant and breastfeeding women with ADHD, especially because the US Food and Drug Administration has determined that there is not enough information to confirm either harm or lack of harm to the developing fetus following exposure to these drugs. Due to the increase in use of prescription stimulants without a prescription, clinicians are also likely to encounter women misusing stimulants for a variety of reasons. This article provides an overview of ADHD diagnosis, outlines effective treatment options, and offers insight into the importance for clinicians to consider prescription stimulant misuse. Guidance concerning treatment of ADHD during pregnancy and lactation is reviewed.