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A Mixed‐Methods Study on Factors Influencing Prenatal Weight Gain in Ethnic‐Minority Women
Author(s) -
Hackley Barbara,
Kennedy Holly Powell,
Berry Diane C.,
Melkus Gail D'Eramo
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
journal of midwifery and women's health
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.543
H-Index - 62
eISSN - 1542-2011
pISSN - 1526-9523
DOI - 10.1111/jmwh.12170
Subject(s) - weight gain , pregnancy , medicine , focus group , prenatal care , ethnic group , family medicine , intervention (counseling) , obesity , gerontology , nursing , obstetrics , body weight , environmental health , population , marketing , sociology , anthropology , genetics , business , biology
Gaining too much weight in pregnancy is associated with perinatal complications and increases the risks of future obesity for both women and their infants. Unfortunately, women enrolled in intervention trials have seen little improvement in adherence to prenatal weight gain recommendations compared to women receiving standard prenatal care. Therefore, the purpose of this descriptive mixed‐methods study was to explore factors related to excessive weight gain in pregnancy. Methods Nonpregnant nulliparous women, currently pregnant women, and postpartum women (N = 43) were recruited from a health center serving an inner‐city minority community. Women completed questionnaires on knowledge, self‐efficacy, and behaviors related to nutrition, exercise, and prenatal weight gain. Fifteen of these women participated in focus groups. Focus group data were analyzed using ATLAS.ti (Scientific Software Development GmbH, Berlin, Germany). Codes were created, themes were identified, and consensus was reached through multiple iterations of the analysis by study personnel. Results Excessive weight gain was common. Nutritional knowledge was poor and significantly lower among nonpregnant nulliparous women. Women felt sure that they could engage in healthy behaviors, but few did so. Participants in focus groups identified multiple barriers to healthy behaviors in pregnancy and made suggestions on how to help women more readily make improvements in these behaviors. Discussion Strategies identified in this study such as providing focused education directed at nonpregnant nulliparous women, stressing portion control, helping women better manage their cravings, and providing more pragmatic support and resources need to be explored in future research.