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Calcium silicate cement‐induced remineralisation of totally demineralised dentine in comparison with glass ionomer cement: tetracycline labelling and two‐photon fluorescence microscopy
Author(s) -
ATMEH A.R.,
CHONG E.Z.,
RICHARD G.,
BOYDE A.,
FESTY F.,
WATSON T.F.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
journal of microscopy
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.569
H-Index - 111
eISSN - 1365-2818
pISSN - 0022-2720
DOI - 10.1111/jmi.12197
Subject(s) - remineralisation , tetracycline , cement , chemistry , fluorescence , raman spectroscopy , glass ionomer cement , calcium , fluorescence microscope , nuclear chemistry , calcium silicate , dental cement , materials science , fluoride , composite material , inorganic chemistry , biochemistry , optics , physics , adhesive , organic chemistry , layer (electronics) , antibiotics
Summary Two‐photon fluorescence microscopy, in combination with tetracycline labelling, was used to observe the remineralising potentials of a calcium silicate‐based restorative material (Biodentine TM ) and a glass ionomer cement (GIC:FujiIX) on totally demineralised dentine. Forty demineralised dentine discs were stored with either cement in three different solutions: phosphate buffered saline (PBS) with tetracycline, phosphate‐free tetracycline, and tetracycline‐free PBS. Additional samples of demineralised dentine were stored alone in the first solution. After 8‐week storage at 37 °C, dentine samples were imaged using two‐photon fluorescence microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Samples were later embedded in PMMA and polished block surfaces studied by 20 kV BSE imaging in an SEM to study variations in mineral concentration. The highest fluorescence intensity was exhibited by the dentine stored with Biodentine TM in the PBS/tetracycline solution. These samples also showed microscopic features of matrix remineralisation including a mineralisation front and intra‐ and intertubular mineralisation. In the other solutions, dentine exhibited much weaker fluorescence with none of these features detectable. Raman spectra confirmed the formation of calcium phosphate mineral with Raman peaks similar to apatite, while no mineral formation was detected in the dentine stored in cement‐free or PBS‐free media, or with GIC. It could therefore be concluded that Biodentine TM induced calcium phosphate mineral formation within the dentine matrix when stored in phosphate‐rich media, which was selectively detectable using the tetracycline labelling.