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Four factor R esearch A wareness S cale for N urses in J apanese: I nstrument development study
Author(s) -
Watanabe Yoshino,
Oe Makoto,
Takemura Yukie,
Sasaki Minako,
Onishi Mami,
Kanda Katsuya,
Sanada Hiromi
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
japan journal of nursing science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.363
H-Index - 17
eISSN - 1742-7924
pISSN - 1742-7932
DOI - 10.1111/jjns.12009
Subject(s) - cronbach's alpha , confirmatory factor analysis , psychology , exploratory factor analysis , content validity , scale (ratio) , competence (human resources) , construct validity , discriminant validity , internal consistency , social psychology , structural equation modeling , psychometrics , clinical psychology , computer science , physics , quantum mechanics , machine learning
Aim Research awareness is an important consideration necessary for providing superior nursing care. However, a gap exists between research and clinical practice. A major obstacle to integrating research into clinical practice is the absence of research awareness among nurses. Studies on research awareness have focused primarily on three factors: attitude, competence, and encouragement for conducting research. The R esearch A wareness S cale for N urses ( RASN ) in Japanese incorporates a critical, yet generally overlooked fourth factor of flexible structure for research. The aim of this study was to develop a nursing research awareness scale that could be used to determine the reasons for the lack of interest in research among nurses and to help nursing administrators take steps to integrate research into clinical practice. Methods The RASN was developed and tested in three stages. An item pool for the scale was generated from a published work review and focus group interviews. The scale was then tested in a pilot study, and finally in a main study. Reliability and validity were examined by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, C ronbach's alpha, one‐way anova and correlation analysis. Results The RASN exhibited good validity in the four factor structure (“attitude”, “competence”, “encouragement”, and “flexible structure”). C ronbach's alpha exhibited good internal consistency. The RASN was significantly and positively correlated with research‐related education and activities. Conclusion The RASN had good internal consistency, content validity, discriminant validity, and construct validity. These findings demonstrate that the RASN is a useful instrument for evaluating approaches toward the integration of research into clinical practice.