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Early Transcriptomic Adaptation to Na 2 CO 3 Stress Altered the Expression of a Quarter of the Total Genes in the Maize Genome and Exhibited Shared and Distinctive Profiles with Na C l and High p H Stresses
Author(s) -
Zhang LiMin,
Liu XiangGuo,
Qu XinNing,
Yu Ying,
Han SiPing,
Dou Yao,
Xu YaoYao,
Jing HaiChun,
Hao DongYun
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
journal of integrative plant biology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.734
H-Index - 83
eISSN - 1744-7909
pISSN - 1672-9072
DOI - 10.1111/jipb.12100
Subject(s) - transcriptome , phenylpropanoid , gene , biosynthesis , endoplasmic reticulum , biochemistry , chemistry , biology , adaptation (eye) , gene expression , microbiology and biotechnology , neuroscience
Sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ) presents a huge challenge to plants by the combined damaging effects of Na + , high pH, and CO 3 2‐ . Little is known about the cellular responses to Na 2 CO 3 stress. In this study, the transcriptome of maize ( Zea mays L. cv. B73) roots exposed to Na 2 CO 3 stress for 5 h was compared with those of NaCl and NaOH stresses. The expression of 8,319 genes, representing over a quarter of the total number of genes in the maize genome, was altered by Na 2 CO 3 stress, and the downregulated genes (5,232) outnumbered the upregulated genes (3,087). The effects of Na 2 CO 3 differed from those of NaCl and NaOH, primarily by downregulating different categories of genes. Pathways commonly altered by Na 2 CO 3 , NaCl, and NaOH were enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids, ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporters, as well as the metabolism of secondary metabolites. Genes for brassinosteroid biosynthesis were specifically upregulated by Na 2 CO 3 , while genes involved in ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum and by N ‐glycosylation, fatty acid biosynthesis, and the circadian rhythm were downregulated. This work provides the first holistic picture of early transcriptomic adaptation to Na 2 CO 3 stress, and highlights potential molecular pathways that could be manipulated to improve tolerance in maize.