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Under‐reporting of the energy intake in patients with type 2 diabetes
Author(s) -
Nascimento A. G.,
Grassi T.,
Reischak de Oliveira A.,
Steemburgo T.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
journal of human nutrition and dietetics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.951
H-Index - 70
eISSN - 1365-277X
pISSN - 0952-3871
DOI - 10.1111/jhn.12801
Subject(s) - medicine , food frequency questionnaire , kappa , diabetes mellitus , food group , food intake , type 2 diabetes , resting energy expenditure , zoology , energy expenditure , environmental health , endocrinology , philosophy , linguistics , biology
Background In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), an accurate assessment of food intake is essential for clinical nutritional management. Tools such as the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and 24‐h food record (24HR) identify dietary habits in support of dietary planning. However, it is possible that these tools have reporting errors with respect to assessing food intake, particularly energy intake (EI). Methods A cross‐sectional study was conducted in patients with type 2 DM. EI was assessed by the FFQ and 24HR tools. Resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured by indirect calorimetry. Data were analysed using a kappa test, t ‐test and Spearman's correlation coefficients. Under‐reporting was assessed using the EI/REE ratio. Patients with values <1.18 and <1.10 for FFQ and 24HR, respectively, were considered as under‐reporting. Results We evaluated 55 patients [mean (SD) 62.7 (5.3) years old, duration of diabetes 11.2 (7.3) years, 52.7% female]. The mean (SD) EI assessed by FFQ was 1797.7 (641.3) and as assessed by 24HR was 1624 (484.8) kcal day –1 . The mean (SD) REE was 1641.3 (322.3) kcal day –1 . The mean (SD) ratios FFQ/REE and 24HR/REE were 1.11 (0.38) and 1.01 (0.30), respectively. The tools showed a moderate agreement for under‐reporting of EI (kappa = 0.404; P = 0.003). Moderate and positive correlations between REE were observed with FFQ ( r = 0.321; P = 0.017) and 24HR ( r = 0.364; P = 0.006). According to the tools, the under‐reporting was observed in approximately 65% of patients. Conclusions The majority of patients with type 2 DM under‐reported their calorie intake, as assessed by FFQ and 24HR. REE showed a positive correlation with both tools.