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The association between dietary patterns and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of cohort studies
Author(s) -
Alhazmi A.,
Stojanovski E.,
McEvoy M.,
Garg M. L.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
journal of human nutrition and dietetics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.951
H-Index - 70
eISSN - 1365-277X
pISSN - 0952-3871
DOI - 10.1111/jhn.12139
Subject(s) - medicine , meta analysis , type 2 diabetes , funnel plot , publication bias , cohort study , relative risk , confidence interval , diabetes mellitus , medline , cohort , endocrinology , political science , law
Background Observational studies suggest that dietary pattern intake plays an important role in the development of type 2 diabetes. A meta‐analysis was performed of existing cohort studies on the association between dietary patterns and the risk of type 2 diabetes. Methods Pertinent studies were identified by searching MEDLINE , EMBASE , Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature , PROQUEST , MEDNAR and the Joanna Briggs Institute Library of Systematic Reviews, as well as the reference lists of all identified studies up to September 2012. A random‐effects meta‐analysis was performed to pool relative risk (RR) estimates from individual studies to assess the relationship between dietary pattern intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using I 2 and sensitivity analyses were conducted. Publication bias was evaluated by visual inspection of funnel plots and was formally assessed using Egger's test. Results There were fifteen cohort studies that met the inclusion criteria. There was evidence of a reduction in the risk of type 2 diabetes in the highest adherence compared to the lowest adherence to healthy dietary patterns [ RR = 0.79, 95% confidence interval ( CI ) = 0.74–0.86, P < 0.005]. An increase in the risk of type 2 diabetes was evident for the highest adherence compared to the lowest adherence to unhealthy dietary patterns ( RR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.33–1.57, P < 0.005). Conclusions The results of this systematic review and meta‐analysis indicate that dietary patterns may be associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes.