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Differences in energy and nutrient‐intake among G reek children between 1992/93 and 2006/07
Author(s) -
Smpokos E. A.,
Linardakis M.,
Papadaki A.,
Theodorou A. S.,
Havenetidis K.,
Kafatos A.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
journal of human nutrition and dietetics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.951
H-Index - 70
eISSN - 1365-277X
pISSN - 0952-3871
DOI - 10.1111/jhn.12122
Subject(s) - medicine , nutrient , zoology , micronutrient , total energy , biology , psychology , pathology , displacement (psychology) , psychotherapist , ecology
Background There is lack of data in G reece on the trends in energy and nutrient intake. The present study aimed to examine differences in these parameters among first‐grade children of C rete, G reece, between 1992/93 and 2006/07. Methods Children (aged 5.7–7.6 years) from two‐representative cross‐sectional samples participated during 1992/93 ( n = 245) and 2006/07 ( n = 257). Nutrient and food intakes were assessed using estimated 3‐day‐food records. Nutrient intakes were estimated as amounts per 4185 kJ (1000 kcal) of energy intake ( EI ), whereas macronutrients were estimated as percentage of total EI . Results Between 1992/93 and 2006/07, respectively, significant increases ( P < 0.05) were observed in the intake of energy (boys: 7996 versus 8646 kJ; girls: 7265 versus 7963 kJ), calcium (boys: 488 versus 587 mg; girls: 464 versus 594 mg), iron (boys: 5.8 versus 7.3 mg; girls: 5.7 versus 7.4 mg) and vitamins B 2 (boys: 1.01 versus 1.17 mg; girls: 1.0 versus 1.16 mg) and B 6 (boys: 0.80 versus 0.87 mg; girls: 0.75 versus 0.95 mg), for boys and girls, respectively. Among boys, the intake of protein (13.6 versus 14.6% of EI ) and total trans fatty acids ( TTFA ) (0.84 versus 0.99 g) was also significantly lower in 1992/93 ( P < 0.016). Between 1992/93 and 2006/07, total fat (boys: 42.9% versus 42.8%, girls: 42% versus 43.1%) and saturated fat (boys: 15.5% versus 15.4%, girls: 15% versus 15.3%) exceeded the 30–35% and <10% dietary recommendations, respectively, A significantly higher proportion of children in 2006/07, compared to 1992/93, had a higher intake of total energy (>120% of the recommended energy allowance). Conclusions The intake of several macronutrients (protein, TTFA , total and saturated fat) in this sample of children did not meet the recommended intakes in either time period.