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Effects of Vitamin D 3 Supplementation on Lean Mass, Muscle Strength, and Bone Mineral Density During Weight Loss: A Double‐Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Author(s) -
Mason Caitlin,
Tapsoba Jean D.,
Duggan Catherine,
Imayama Ikuyo,
Wang ChingYun,
Korde Larissa,
McTiernan Anne
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
journal of the american geriatrics society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.992
H-Index - 232
eISSN - 1532-5415
pISSN - 0002-8614
DOI - 10.1111/jgs.14049
Subject(s) - medicine , vitamin d and neurology , femoral neck , lean body mass , placebo , overweight , bone mineral , body mass index , randomized controlled trial , randomization , weight loss , vitamin , bone density , vitamin d deficiency , endocrinology , obesity , physical therapy , osteoporosis , body weight , alternative medicine , pathology
Objectives To compare the effects of 12 months of vitamin D 3 supplementation with that placebo on lean mass, bone mineral density ( BMD ), and muscle strength in overweight or obese postmenopausal women completing a structured weight‐loss program. Design Double‐blind, placebo‐controlled randomized clinical trial. Setting Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington. Participants Postmenopausal women aged 50 to 75 with a body mass index ( BMI ) of 25 kg/m 2 or greater and a serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration between 10.0 and 32.0 ng/mL (insufficient) (N = 218). Intervention Oral vitamin D 3 2,000 IU/d or placebo in combination with a lifestyle‐based weight loss intervention consisting of a reduction of 500 kcal to 1,000 kcal per day and 225 min/wk of moderate‐ to vigorous‐intensity aerobic exercise. Measurements Serum 25(OH)D, body composition, and muscle strength were measured before randomization (baseline) and at 12 months. Mean changes of the groups were compared (intention to treat) using generalized estimating equations. Results Change in 25(OH)D was significantly different between the vitamin D and placebo groups at 12 months (13.6 ng/mL vs −1.3 ng/mL, P < .001), but no differences in change in lean mass (−0.8 kg vs −1.1 kg, P = .53) or BMD of the spine (−0.01 g/cm 2 vs 0.0 g/cm 2 , P = .82) or right femoral neck (both −0.01 g/cm 2 , P = .49) were detected between the groups. Leg strength decreased in the vitamin D group but not in the placebo group (−2.6 pounds vs 1.8 pounds, P = .03). In women randomized to vitamin D, achieving repletion (25(OH)D ≥ 32 ng/mL) did not alter results. Conclusion Vitamin D 3 supplementation during weight‐loss decreased leg strength but did not alter changes in lean mass or BMD in postmenopausal women with vitamin D insufficiency.