Premium
Hospitalizations of Nursing Home Residents in the Last Year of Life: Nursing Home Characteristics and Variation in Potentially Avoidable Hospitalizations
Author(s) -
Xing Jingping,
Mukamel Dana B.,
TemkinGreener Helena
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
journal of the american geriatrics society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.992
H-Index - 232
eISSN - 1532-5415
pISSN - 0002-8614
DOI - 10.1111/jgs.12517
Subject(s) - medicine , poisson regression , staffing , nursing homes , logistic regression , skilled nursing facility , incidence (geometry) , emergency medicine , demography , nursing , environmental health , population , sociology , optics , physics
Objectives To examine the incidence of, variations in, and costs of potentially avoidable hospitalizations ( PAH s) of nursing home ( NH ) residents at the end of life and to identify the association between NH characteristics and a facility‐level quality measure ( QM ) for PAH . Design Retrospective. Setting Hospitalizations originating from NH s. Participants Long‐term care NH residents who died in 2007. Measurements A risk‐adjusted QM was constructed for PAH . A Poisson regression model was used to predict the count of PAH given residents’ risk factors. For each facility, the QM was defined as the difference between the observed facility‐specific rate (per 1,000 person‐years) of PAH ( O ) and the expected risk‐adjusted rate ( E ). A logistic regression model with state fixed‐effects was then fit to examine the association between facility characteristics and the likelihood of having higher‐than‐expected rates of PAH ( O – E > 0). QM values greater than 0 indicate worse‐than‐average quality. Results Almost 50% of hospital admissions for NH residents in their last year of life were for potentially avoidable conditions, costing M edicare $1 billion. Five conditions were responsible for more than 80% of PAH s. PAH QM across facilities showed significant variation (mean 12.0 ± 142.3 per 1,000 person‐years, range −399.48 to 398.09 per 1,000 person‐years). Chain and hospital‐based facilities were more likely to exhibit better performance ( O – E < 0). Facilities with higher nursing staffing were more likely to have better performance, as were facilities with higher skilled staff ratio, those with nurse practitioners or physician assistants, and those with on‐site X‐ray services. Conclusion Variations in facility‐level PAH s suggest that a potential for reducing hospital admissions for these conditions may exist. Presence of modifiable facility characteristics associated with PAH performance could help us formulate interventions and policies for reducing PAH s at the end of life.