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Intensive Weight Loss Intervention in Older Individuals: Results from the Action for Health in Diabetes Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Trial
Author(s) -
Espeland Mark A.,
Rejeski W. Jack,
West Delia S.,
Bray George A.,
Clark Jeanne M.,
Peters Anne L.,
Chen Haiying,
Johnson Karen C.,
Horton Edward S.,
Hazuda Helen P.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
journal of the american geriatrics society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.992
H-Index - 232
eISSN - 1532-5415
pISSN - 0002-8614
DOI - 10.1111/jgs.12271
Subject(s) - medicine , overweight , weight loss , glycated hemoglobin , diabetes mellitus , randomized controlled trial , obesity , physical therapy , waist , gerontology , type 2 diabetes , endocrinology
Objectives To compare the effects of 4 years of intensive lifestyle intervention on weight, fitness, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in older and younger individuals. Design Randomized controlled clinical trial. Setting Sixteen U . S . clinical sites. Participants Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: 1,053 aged 65 to 76 and 4,092 aged 45 to 64. Interventions An intensive behavioral intervention designed to promote and maintain weight loss through caloric restriction and increased physical activity was compared with diabetes mellitus support and education. Measurements Standardized assessments of weight, fitness (based on graded exercise testing), and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Results Over 4 years, older individuals had greater intervention‐related mean weight losses (6.2%) than younger participants (5.1%; interaction P = .006) and comparable relative mean increases in fitness (0.56 vs 0.53 metabolic equivalents; interaction P = .72). These benefits were seen consistently across subgroups of older adults formed according to many demographic and health factors. Of a panel of age‐related health conditions, only self‐reported worsening vision was associated with poorer intervention‐related weight loss in older individuals. The intensive lifestyle intervention produced mean increases in high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (2.03 mg/dL; P < .001) and decreases in glycated hemoglobin (0.21%; P < .001) and waist circumference (3.52 cm; P < .001) over 4 years that were at least as large in older as in younger individuals. Conclusion Intensive lifestyle intervention targeting weight loss and increased physical activity is effective in overweight and obese older individuals to produce sustained weight loss and improvements in fitness and cardiovascular risk factors.