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The microbial metabolome in metabolic‐associated fatty liver disease
Author(s) -
Li Mengci,
Rajani Cynthia,
Zheng Xiaojiao,
Jia Wei
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
journal of gastroenterology and hepatology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.214
H-Index - 130
eISSN - 1440-1746
pISSN - 0815-9319
DOI - 10.1111/jgh.15746
Subject(s) - metabolome , medicine , fatty liver , steatohepatitis , insulin resistance , cirrhosis , diabetes mellitus , hyperlipidemia , steatosis , metabolic syndrome , type 2 diabetes , gut flora , metabolic disorder , disease , obesity , gastroenterology , endocrinology , immunology , metabolite
Metabolism‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is defined as the presence of excess fat in the liver in the absence of excess alcohol consumption and metabolic dysfunction. It has also been described as the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. The incidence of MAFLD has been reported to be 43–60% in diabetics, ~90% in patients with hyperlipidemia, and 91% in morbidly obese patients. Risk factors that have been associated with the development of MAFLD include male gender, increasing age, obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. All of these risk factors have been linked to alterations of the gut microbiota, that is, gut dysbiosis. MAFLD can progress to non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis with the presence of inflammation and ballooning, which can deteriorate into cirrhosis, MAFLD‐related hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver failure. In this review, we will be focused on the role of the gut microbial metabolome in the development, progression, and potential treatment of MAFLD.