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Extrahepatic autoimmune diseases in primary biliary cholangitis: Prevalence and significance for clinical presentation and disease outcome
Author(s) -
Efe Cumali,
Torgutalp Murat,
Henriksson Ida,
Alalkim Fatema,
Lytvyak Ellina,
Trivedi Hirsh,
Eren Fatih,
Fischer Janett,
Chayanupatkul Maneerat,
Coppo Claudia,
Purnak Tugrul,
Muratori Luigi,
Werner Mårten,
Muratori Paolo,
Rorsman Fredrik,
Onnerhag Kristina,
Nilsson Emma,
HeurguéBerlot Alexandra,
Demir Nurhan,
Semela David,
Kıyıcı Murat,
Schiano Thomas D,
MontanoLoza Aldo J,
Berg Thomas,
Ozaslan Ersan,
Yoshida Eric M,
Bonder Alan,
Marschall HannsUlrich,
BerettaPiccoli Benedetta Terziroli,
Wahlin Staffan
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
journal of gastroenterology and hepatology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.214
H-Index - 130
eISSN - 1440-1746
pISSN - 0815-9319
DOI - 10.1111/jgh.15214
Subject(s) - medicine , gastroenterology , autoimmune hepatitis , anti nuclear antibody , primary biliary cirrhosis , primary sclerosing cholangitis , ascites , rheumatoid arthritis , hepatitis , antibody , autoantibody , disease , immunology
Background and Aim The prevalence and clinical significance of extrahepatic autoimmune diseases (EHAIDs) have not been evaluated in a large cohort of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). Methods The medical records of 1554 patients with PBC from 20 international centers were retrospectively reviewed. Development of decompensated cirrhosis (ascites, variceal bleeding, and/or hepatic encephalopathy) and hepatocellular carcinoma were considered clinical endpoints. Results A total of 35 different EHAIDs were diagnosed in 440 (28.3%) patients with PBC. Patients with EHAIDs were more often female (92.5% vs 86.1%, P < 0.001) and seropositive for anti‐mitochondrial antibodies (88% vs 84%, P = 0.05) and antinuclear antibodies and/or smooth muscle antibodies (53.8% vs 43.6%, P = 0.005). At presentation, patients with EHAIDs had significantly lower levels of alkaline phosphatase (1.76 vs 1.98 × upper limit of normal [ULN], P = 0.006), aspartate aminotransferase (1.29 vs 1.50 × ULN, P < 0.001), and total bilirubin (0.53 vs 0.58 × ULN, P = 0.002). Patients with EHAIDs and without EHAIDs had similar rates of GLOBE high‐risk status (12.3% vs 16.1%, P = 0.07) and Paris II response (71.4% vs 69.4%, P = 0.59). Overall, event‐free survival was not different in patients with and without EHAIDs (90.8% vs 90.7%, P = 0.53, log rank). Coexistence of each autoimmune thyroid diseases (10.6%), Sjögren disease (8.3%), systemic sclerosis (2.9%), rheumatoid arthritis (2.7%), systemic lupus erythematosus (1.7%), celiac disease (1.7%), psoriasis (1.5%), and inflammatory bowel diseases (1.3%) did not influence the outcome. Conclusions Our study confirms that EHAIDs are frequently diagnosed in patients with PBC. The presence of EHAIDs may influence the clinical phenotype of PBC at presentation but has no impact on PBC outcome.