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Randomized controlled trial of monthly versus biweekly endoscopic variceal ligation for the prevention of esophageal variceal rebleeding
Author(s) -
Wang HuayMin,
Lo GinHo,
Chen WenChi,
Chan HoiHung,
Tsai WeiLun,
Yu HsienChung,
Tsay FengWoei,
Hsu PingI
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
journal of gastroenterology and hepatology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.214
H-Index - 130
eISSN - 1440-1746
pISSN - 0815-9319
DOI - 10.1111/jgh.12538
Subject(s) - medicine , varix , randomization , gastroenterology , esophageal varices , ligation , esophageal disease , surgery , randomized controlled trial , varices , incidence (geometry) , portal hypertension , esophagus , cirrhosis , physics , optics
Background Endoscopic variceal ligation ( EVL ) is effective in preventing esophageal variceal rebleeding. However, the optimal EVL interval remains unclear. Aim To investigate the effectiveness and safety of EVL using two intersession intervals. Methods From J anuary 2009 to O ctober 2012, 214 patients with acute esophageal variceal bleeding were screened. Emergency ligation was performed for patients with acute variceal bleeding. After achieving hemodynamic stability, eligible patients ( n = 70) were randomized to either the monthly group or the biweekly group. Results Median time from randomization to variceal obliteration was 2.7 months in the monthly group and 1.7 months in the biweekly group, at a mean of 2.3 ± 2.0 and 3.0 ± 1.8 sessions, respectively. After a median follow up of 23 months, six patients (17%) in the monthly group and nine patients (26%) in the biweekly group developed upper gastrointestinal rebleeding ( P = 0.382). Esophageal variceal rebleeding occurred in six patients (17%) in the monthly group and in seven patients (20%) in the biweekly group ( P = 0.759). No rebleeding from EVL ulcers occurred in the monthly group and was 5.7% ( n = 2) for the biweekly group. Both treatment groups had similar rates of esophageal variceal recurrence and mortality. Notably, the incidence of post‐ EVL ulcers in the monthly group was lower than that in the biweekly group (11% vs 57%, P < 0.001). Conclusions Patients receiving EVL monthly had similar rebleeding rate, variceal recurrence, and mortality to those receiving EVL biweekly for secondary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding; however, the monthly interval was associated with fewer post‐ EVL ulcers found at follow‐up endoscopies.