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Reversal of hepatitis B virus‐induced systemic immune tolerance by intrinsic innate immune stimulation
Author(s) -
Han Qiuju,
Lan Peixiang,
Zhang Jian,
Zhang Cai,
Tian Zhigang
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
journal of gastroenterology and hepatology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.214
H-Index - 130
eISSN - 1440-1746
pISSN - 0815-9319
DOI - 10.1111/jgh.12034
Subject(s) - immune system , hbx , hepatitis b virus , immunology , virology , innate immune system , medicine , immunity , small hairpin rna , virus , immune tolerance , acquired immune system , hepatitis b , rna , biology , gene , biochemistry
ystemic immune tolerance induced by chronic hepatitis B virus ( HBV ) infection is a significant question, but the mechanism of which remains unclear. In this mini‐review, we summarize the impaired innate and adaptive immune responses involved in immune tolerance in chronic HBV infection. Furthermore, we delineate a novel dual functional small RNA to inhibit HBV replication and stimulate innate immunity against HBV , which proposed a promising immunotherapeutic intervention to interrupt HBV ‐induced immunotolerance. A mouse model of HBV persistence was established and used to observe the immune tolerant to HBV vaccination, the cell‐intrinsic immune tolerance of which might be reversed by chemically synthesized dual functional small RNA (3p‐hepatitis B Virus X gene [HBx]‐small interfering RNA ) in vitro experiments and by biologically constructed dual functional vector (single‐stranded RNA ‐ HBx ‐ short hairpin RNA ) in vivo experiment using HBV ‐carrier mice.