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Antimicrobial Mechanism Analysis of an Oil in Water Microemulsion by DNA Microarray‐Mediated Transcriptional Profiling of E scherichia Coli
Author(s) -
Cai Haiying,
Yu Liyi,
Li Yang,
Zhang Hui,
Feng Fengqin
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
journal of food safety
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.427
H-Index - 43
eISSN - 1745-4565
pISSN - 0149-6085
DOI - 10.1111/jfs.12111
Subject(s) - microemulsion , antimicrobial , kegg , chemistry , membrane permeability , biochemistry , escherichia coli , dna , membrane , biology , gene expression , gene , pulmonary surfactant , organic chemistry , transcriptome
The DNA microarray was employed in this study to investigate the gene expression profiles of E scherichia coli treated by oil in water (o/w) microemulsion in order to better understand the antimicrobial mechanism of the microemulsion as a promising food‐grade antimicrobial system. Among 5,440 open reading frames of E . coli , a total of 634 and 501 were highly induced and repressed, respectively. According to the annotation and analysis in the G ene O ntology ( GO ) and K yoto E ncyclopedia of G enes and G enomes ( KEGG ) databases, it was found that the differently expressed genes were mainly involved in the biosynthesis of cell wall components and membranes, phosphate‐related metabolism and some other biosynthetic pathways, suggesting that the main antibacterial mechanisms of the o/w microemulsion were the attacks to the cell surface structure, especially the cell wall, and its influences on the metabolism of phosphate of the E . coli cells through phosphate absorption inhibition. Practical Applications In the panorama of the increasing need to search for novel strategies in order to prevent foodborne outbreaks, microemulsion systems have been of great interest to researchers for their broad antimicrobial properties. In our group, a series of food‐grade or pharmaceutical microemulsion systems based on glycerol monolaurate have been established for antimicrobial applications. It was found that the prepared microemulsions possessed excellent broad‐spectrum antimicrobial activities due to the disruption and dysfunction of biological membranes and cell walls, as suggested by the transmission electron microscopy observations and membrane permeability experiments. The antimicrobial mechanisms analysis of the microemulsion mediated by DNA microarray in this work will be of great importance in exploring the structure–activity relationship of the o/w microemulsion at molecular biological levels in future work, in order to provide a guideline in designing food‐grade antimicrobial microemulsions.