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Osmotic pretreatment for the production of novel dehydrated tomatoes and cucumbers
Author(s) -
Dermesonlouoglou Efimia K.,
Pantelaiaki Kallirroi,
Andreou Varvara,
Katsaros George J.,
Taoukis Petros S.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
journal of food processing and preservation
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.511
H-Index - 48
eISSN - 1745-4549
pISSN - 0145-8892
DOI - 10.1111/jfpp.13968
Subject(s) - osmotic dehydration , chemistry , water activity , dehydration , blanching , maltodextrin , dew , food science , relative humidity , sodium , water content , horticulture , botany , chromatography , spray drying , biochemistry , thermodynamics , biology , physics , geotechnical engineering , organic chemistry , engineering , condensation
The aim of this study was the implementation of osmotic dehydration (OD) as a pre‐drying step for producing novel dried tomatoes and cucumbers. Tomato and cucumber slices were immersed in glycerol ( C gly :50–60%w/w), maltodextrin, trehalose, sodium chloride, calcium chloride, and citrus extract solution ( T OD :35–55°C) and air‐dried (AD, T AD :40–70°C). The mass transfer (water and solids) and water activity reduction were monitored during OD. The effective diffusion coefficients for water and solids ( D ew,OD/ D es,OD, ) were calculated and modeled. The effective diffusion coefficients for water and water removal rate constants during AD ( D ew,AD , k drying ) were calculated and modeled. The drying times were estimated. The rates were significantly greater for osmotically dehydrated tomatoes and cucumbers compared to the non‐dehydrated ones. Drying times significantly reduced for the osmotically dehydrated samples. Comparing tomato and cucumber response to OD, it was concluded that osmotic dehydration favors cucumber water loss and tomato solid uptake. D ew,OD/ D es,OD and D ew,AD /k drying were significantly higher for cucumber than tomato. Practical applications Air‐drying is a food preservation technique with long processing times and high energy costs. The application of osmotic dehydration as a pre‐drying step can significantly reduce drying times and temperatures, resulting in lower energy requirements as well as improved quality and increased shelf life. Osmotic dehydration led to water transfer from food material (usually fruit and vegetable) to osmotic solution and osmotic solutes’ transfer to food material. It is commonly applied at mild temperatures as a pre‐processing step. More recently, the efforts have been on the selection of alternative osmotic solutes (such as glycerol, and other solutes with special properties) and their use in the osmotic solution which will be effective and provide better nutritional, functional or sensorial properties to the osmo‐dehydrated food material. An interesting proposal is to produce dehydrated (sliced) tomato and (especially) cucumber products of high quality and increased shelf life, applying osmotic dehydration, and air‐drying.