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The effect of β‐1,3‐glucan derived from Euglena gracilis (Algamune ™ ) on the innate immunological responses of Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus L.)
Author(s) -
Yamamoto Fernando Y.,
Sutili Fernando J.,
Hume Michael,
Gatlin Delbert M.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
journal of fish diseases
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.819
H-Index - 85
eISSN - 1365-2761
pISSN - 0140-7775
DOI - 10.1111/jfd.12871
Subject(s) - nile tilapia , oreochromis , streptococcus iniae , biology , superoxide , immunostimulant , catalase , euglena gracilis , microbiology and biotechnology , aeromonas hydrophila , respiratory burst , tilapia , biochemistry , food science , immunology , immune system , fish <actinopterygii> , fishery , oxidative stress , chloroplast , gene , enzyme
Algamune ™ is a commercial additive produced from Euglena gracilis, providing a rich source of the β‐1,3‐glucan paramylon. Isolated kidney phagocytes of Nile tilapia were incubated with graded doses (0, 8, 16, 32, 64 and 128 μg/ml) of Algamune ™ and purified paramylon to gauge their ability to elicit the production of reactive oxygen species. A linear response was observed for extracellular superoxide anion for both sources but only Algamune ™ for intracellular superoxide anion. After corroborating the immunostimulant properties ex vivo, a feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the dietary supplementation of Algamune ™ (0, 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg of diet) for Nile tilapia. Fish were fed for 3 weeks, after which, fish were sampled for blood and head kidney phagocytes. The remaining fish were challenged with Streptococcus iniae . Macrophage extracellular superoxide anion production was significantly elevated in fish fed diets with 200 mg of Algamune ™ kg −1 when compared to fish fed the basal diet. Even though the disease challenge did not show statistical differences, it is worth mentioning that fish fed intermediate doses of Algamune ™ had lowest numerical mortality values. Therefore, Algamune ™ was demonstrated to enhance some immunological responses of tilapia both in ex vivo and in vivo.