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Nucleotide‐binding and oligomerization domain ( NOD )‐like receptors in teleost fish: Current knowledge and future perspectives
Author(s) -
Zhang Liang,
Gao Zhuying,
Yu Li,
Zhang Bo,
Wang Jing,
Zhou Jun
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
journal of fish diseases
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.819
H-Index - 85
eISSN - 1365-2761
pISSN - 0140-7775
DOI - 10.1111/jfd.12841
Subject(s) - nod , biology , innate immune system , receptor , subfamily , pattern recognition receptor , pathogen , immune system , microbiology and biotechnology , in vivo , immunology , biochemistry , genetics , gene
Nucleotide‐binding and oligomerization domain ( NOD )‐like receptors ( NLR s) are a group of intracellular pathogen recognition receptors ( PRR s) that play key roles in pathogen recognition and subsequent activation of innate immune signalling pathways. Expressions of several NLR subfamily members, including NOD 1, NOD 2, NLR ‐C3, NLR ‐C5 and NLR ‐X1 have been reported in many different teleost fish species. These receptors are activated by a variety of ligands, including lipopolysaccharides ( LPS ), peptidoglycans ( PGN ) and polyinosinic‐polycytidylic acid [Poly(I:C)]. Synthetic ds RNA and bacterial or viral infections are known to stimulate these receptors both in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we focus on the identification, expression and function of teleost NLR s in response to bacterial or viral pathogens. Additionally, NLR ligand specificity and signalling pathways involved in the recognition of bacterial or viral stimuli are also summarized. This review focuses on current knowledge in this area and provides future perspectives regarding topics in need of additional investigation. Understanding the response of innate immune system to bacterial or viral infections in diverse species could inform the development of more effective therapies and vaccines.