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Protective efficacy of N igella sativa seeds and oil against columnaris disease in fishes
Author(s) -
Mohammed H H,
Arias C R
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
journal of fish diseases
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.819
H-Index - 85
eISSN - 1365-2761
pISSN - 0140-7775
DOI - 10.1111/jfd.12402
Subject(s) - ictalurus , nigella sativa , biology , catfish , essential oil , bacterial disease , traditional medicine , veterinary medicine , microbiology and biotechnology , botany , fishery , fish <actinopterygii> , medicine
Columnaris disease, caused by the bacterium Flavobacterium columnare , is currently the most frequently reported bacterial disease affecting farm‐raised channel catfish in the USA . Common treatments against the disease include the use of medicated feed that has led to emergent antibiotic resistant strains of F. columnare . Nigella sativa (Black cumin) is a medicinal herb commonly used by many cultures as a natural remedy for numerous disorders. Recently, we have discovered the antibacterial activity of N. sativa and its oil extract against F. columnare . In this study, we showed N. sativa oil ( NSO ) strongly inhibited the growth of all of the strains of F. columnare tested and yielded significantly larger zones of inhibition than those produced by oxytetracyclin. We tested the protective effect against columnaris disease in vivo by incorporating NSO (5%) or N. sativa seeds ( NSS ) (5%) into fish feeds. Fishes ( Ictalurus punctatus and Danio rerio ) fed amended diets displayed significantly lower mortality than those fed control diets. Per cent mortalities in control groups ranged from 77% to 44% and from 70% to 18% in zebrafish and channel catfish, respectively. A dose study using different NSS concentrations showed that 5% NSS offered the most protection against columnaris disease in channel catfish.