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Effects of dietary supplementation of citrus by‐products fermented with a probiotic microbe on growth performance, innate immunity and disease resistance against E dwardsiella tarda in juvenile olive flounder, P aralichthys olivaceus ( T emminck & S chlegel)
Author(s) -
Lee BJ,
Kim SS,
Song JW,
Oh DH,
Cha JH,
Jeong JB,
Heo MS,
Kim KW,
Lee KJ
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
journal of fish diseases
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.819
H-Index - 85
eISSN - 1365-2761
pISSN - 0140-7775
DOI - 10.1111/jfd.12035
Subject(s) - probiotic , biology , edwardsiella tarda , lactobacillus rhamnosus , immunity , innate immune system , olive flounder , lactobacillus plantarum , food science , microbiology and biotechnology , immune system , lactic acid , immunology , bacteria , fish <actinopterygii> , fishery , genetics
Two consecutive studies were conducted to evaluate the dietary supplementation of citrus by‐products ( CB ) fermented with probiotic bacteria on growth performance, feed utilization, innate immune responses and disease resistance of juvenile olive flounder. In E xperiment I , five diets were formulated to contain 0% (control) or 3% four different CB fermented with B acillus subtilis ( BS ), E nterococcus faecium ( EF ), L actobacillus rhamnosus ( LR ) and L . plantarum ( LP ) (designated as CON , CBF ‐ BS , CBF ‐ EF , CBF ‐ LR and CBF ‐ LP , respectively). During 10 weeks of a feeding trial, growth performance and feed efficiency were not significantly different among all the fish groups. However, fish fed CBF containing diets had significantly higher survivals than the CON group. Disease resistance of fish against E dwardsiella tarda was increased by the fermentation of CB . In E xperiment II , we chose the BS as a promising probiotic and formulated five diets to contain 0%, 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% CBF ‐ BS . Growth performance was not significantly affected by the CBF ‐ BS supplementation during 6 weeks of a feeding trial. Innate immunity of fish was significantly enhanced by CBF ‐ BS supplementation. Myeloperoxidase and lysozyme activities were increased in a dose‐dependent manner by dietary CBF ‐ BS inclusions. In a consecutive challenge test against E . tarda , an increased disease resistance was found by CBF ‐ BS supplementation. These studies indicate that the fermentation process of CB with probiotic has beneficial effects on innate immunity and thereby increases disease resistance of olive flounder against E . tarda . B acillus subtilis can be used as a promising probiotic microbe for by‐product fermentation in fish feeds.