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Immunomodulatory effect of papaya ( Carica papaya ) pulp and seed extracts as a potential natural treatment for bacterial stress
Author(s) -
Amin Ali H.,
Bughdadi Faisal A.,
AboZaid Mabrouk A.,
Ismail Ahmed H.,
ElAgamy Sherif A.,
Alqahtani Alaa,
ElSayyad Hassan I. H.,
Rezk Bashir Mahmoud,
Ramadan Mohamed Fawzy
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
journal of food biochemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.507
H-Index - 47
eISSN - 1745-4514
pISSN - 0145-8884
DOI - 10.1111/jfbc.13050
Subject(s) - carica , pulp (tooth) , chemistry , antioxidant , traditional medicine , food science , biology , horticulture , biochemistry , medicine , pathology
The current study evaluated the immunomodulatory effects of Carica papaya pulp and seeds methanol (MeOH) extracts on mice infected with Listeria monocytogenes . Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis identified 10 active constituents in C. papaya seed MeOH extract and 10 compounds in C. papaya pulp MeOH extract. The experimental animals were divided into negative control (G1) group, positive control (G2) group, pulp extract treated (G3) group, and seed extract treated (G4) group. After infection of animals (G2, G3, and G4), treatments were started for 3 weeks. Estimation of the immunological parameters showed a marked decrease in IgM levels and an increase in IgG levels in the treated groups (G3 and G4) compared with those in G2. The proinflammatory cytokines (IL‐10, IL‐12, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TGF‐β1) were decreased in the treated groups (G3 and G4) compared with those in G2. Nitric oxide levels were also decreased, and the percentages of phagocytosis increased compared with those of G2. The results demonstrated the immunomodulatory and anti‐inflammatory effects of C. papaya pulp and seeds MeOH extracts. Practical applications Based on the antioxidant and antibacterial activities exhibited by the pulp and seed MeOH extracts investigated in this study, Carica papaya might be considered as a natural source of phytochemicals that could be utilized in novel foods and pharmaceuticals. Further investigation are needed to identify and purify compounds that might be responsible for the observed effects.