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Screening of Various Parts of P haleria macrocarpa Plant for α‐Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity
Author(s) -
Sabina E.,
Zaidul I.S.M.,
Ghafoor Kashif,
Jaffri J.M.,
Sahena F.,
Babiker E.E.,
Perumal V.,
Hamed M.,
Amid M.,
Khatib A.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
journal of food biochemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.507
H-Index - 47
eISSN - 1745-4514
pISSN - 0145-8884
DOI - 10.1111/jfbc.12212
Subject(s) - chemistry , squalene , flesh , terpene , gas chromatography–mass spectrometry , food science , lauraceae , alpha glucosidase , solvent , traditional medicine , biochemistry , chromatography , enzyme , mass spectrometry , botany , biology , medicine
Phaleria macrocarpa is an herbal plant used in M alaysia to enhance vitality. The aim of this study was to screen the α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity of different parts (fruit flesh, leaves and stem) of P . macrocarpa . Methanol (polar) and n‐hexane (nonpolar) extracts, obtained by room temperature solvent extraction, were evaluated for in vitro α‐glucosidase activity inhibition. The compounds were identified by using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry ( GC ‐ MS ) according to their similarity index of >70%, which might be responsible for α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity. The methanol extract of the fruit flesh had the highest yield (25.6 ± 0.5%), whereas the n‐hexane extract of the stem is more effective against α‐glucosidase activity ( IC 50 0.8 ± 0.1 μg/mL). The fruit flesh ( IC 50 1.3 ± 0.2 μg/mL) and leaves ( IC 50 1.6 ± 0.6 μg/mL) had also well effectively. The identified metabolites are predominantly phenolics, carbohydrates, triterpenes and organic acids, such as D ‐fructose, squalene, α‐linolenic acid and α‐ D ‐glucopyranoside. In‐depth chemical profiling using GC ‐ MS was performed for the first time for this plant to assess the likely compounds present in the extract that could be associated with anti‐hyperglycemic activity. Of the three parts tested, every part indicates the potential α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity and hexane extract of stem showed more inhibitory activity among all extracts. Thus, P . macrocarpa can attenuate hyperglycemia by potently inhibiting carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes, making it a viable plant as a source of natural compounds for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Practical ApplicationP . macrocarpa ( S cheff.) B oerl . belongs to the T hymelaeaceae family, which is known as “ M ahkota D ewa” is one of the well‐known traditional herbs in S outh A sian countries. Every part of this plant has been reported to be used as a traditional medicine for diabetic treatment for many years. In the present study, the ability of this plant to inhibit carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes (α‐glucosidase) was explored. All extracts tested exhibited the content to inhibit yeast α‐glucosidase enzymes in vitro , and these beneficial effects appear to be due to some bioactive compounds in P . macrocarpa. Our preliminary investigation gives a principle for further animal and clinical studies of a possible use of P . macrocarpa for the management of diabetes mellitus.