Premium
Three Pathways Assess Anti‐Inflammatory Response of Epicatechin with Lipopolysaccharide‐Mediated Macrophage RAW 264.7 Cells
Author(s) -
Yang DengJye,
Liu ShihChuan,
Chen YiChen,
Hsu ShihHan,
Chang YuPei,
Lin JauTien
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
journal of food biochemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.507
H-Index - 47
eISSN - 1745-4514
pISSN - 0145-8884
DOI - 10.1111/jfbc.12134
Subject(s) - p38 mitogen activated protein kinases , mapk/erk pathway , kinase , chemistry , nitric oxide , nitric oxide synthase , tumor necrosis factor alpha , lipopolysaccharide , janus kinase , stat protein , nf κb , janus kinase 2 , signal transduction , pharmacology , microbiology and biotechnology , stat3 , biochemistry , biology , immunology , organic chemistry
The inhibitory effects of epicatechin on lipopolysaccharide ( LPS )‐induced production of pro‐inflammatory mediators in RAW 264.7 cells were estimated in the study. The results show that epicatechin could down‐regulate the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase‐2 as well as the productions of nitric oxide ( NO ), prostaglandin E 2 ( PGE 2 ) and pro‐inflammatory cytokines (interleukin‐1β [ IL ‐1β], IL ‐6 and tumor necrosis factor‐α [ TNF ‐α]) in LPS ‐induced RAW 264.7 cells. The attenuation of LPS ‐induced inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 cells by epicatechin was found to be closely correlated with inhibition of activation of an inhibitor of κ B kinase α/β and sequential translocation of nuclear factor‐κ B ( NF ‐κ B ) p50/ P 65 subunits. Moreover, the suppression of activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinases ( MAPK s) (including extracellular signal‐regulated kinase [ ERK ], J un N ‐terminus kinase [ JNK ] and p38) and J anus kinase 2 ( JAK 2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 ( STAT 3) was also involved in the anti‐inflammatory effects of epicatechin. Practical Applications Epicatechin is a major polyphenolic component with effective antioxidant activity in litchi flowers. Antioxidant and radical scavenging activities of phytochemicals might contribute to their anti‐inflammatory actions. The results of our study suggest that epicatechin effectively attenuates the production of inflammatory mediators including NO , PGE 2 , TNF ‐α, IL ‐1β and IL ‐6 in the LPS ‐induced macrophages through inactivation of NF ‐κ B , MAPK s ( ERK , JNK and p38) and JAK 2/ STAT 3 pathways. Litchi flowers might have the potential for anti‐inflammation through suitable treatment.