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The Complete Protist Symbiont Communities of Coptotermes formosanus and Coptotermes gestroi : Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Five New Species
Author(s) -
JassoSelles Daniel E.,
De Martini Francesca,
Velenovsky Joseph F.,
Mee Evan D.,
Montoya Samantha J.,
Hileman Jonathon T.,
Garcia Mikaela D.,
Su NanYao,
Chouvenc Thomas,
Gile Gillian H.
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
journal of eukaryotic microbiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.067
H-Index - 77
eISSN - 1550-7408
pISSN - 1066-5234
DOI - 10.1111/jeu.12815
Subject(s) - protist , biology , rhinotermitidae , coptotermes , zoology , hindgut , ecology , evolutionary biology , larva , gene , genetics , midgut
Abstract Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki and Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann) (Blattoidea: Rhinotermitidae) are invasive subterranean termite pest species with a major global economic impact. However, the descriptions of the mutualistic protist communities harbored in their respective hindguts remain fragmentary. The C. formosanus hindgut has long been considered to harbor three protist species, Pseudotrichonympha grassii (Trichonymphida), Holomastigotoides hartmanni , and Cononympha ( Spirotrichonympha ) leidyi (Spirotrichonymphida), but molecular data have suggested that the diversity may be higher. Meanwhile, the C. gestroi community remains undescribed except for Pseudotrichonympha leei . To complete the characterization of these communities, hindguts of workers from both termite species were investigated using single‐cell PCR, microscopy, cell counts, and 18S rRNA amplicon sequencing. The two hosts were found to harbor intriguingly parallel protist communities, each consisting of one Pseudotrichonympha species, two Holomastigotoides species, and two Cononympha species. All protist species were unique to their respective hosts, which last shared a common ancestor ~18 MYA. The relative abundances of protist species in each hindgut differed remarkably between cell count data and 18S rRNA profiles, calling for caution in interpreting species abundances from amplicon data. This study will enable future research in C. formosanus and C. gestroi hybrids, which provide a unique opportunity to study protist community inheritance, compatibility, and potential contribution to hybrid vigor.