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The Ciliary Protein IFT 57 in the Macronucleus of Paramecium
Author(s) -
Shi Lei,
Koll France,
Arnaiz Olivier,
Cohen Jean
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
journal of eukaryotic microbiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.067
H-Index - 77
eISSN - 1550-7408
pISSN - 1066-5234
DOI - 10.1111/jeu.12423
Subject(s) - macronucleus , biology , paramecium , cilium , microbiology and biotechnology , intraflagellar transport , gene , basal body , paramecium caudatum , genetics , nucleus , genome , nucleolin , nucleolus , flagellum
The intraflagellar transport IFT 57 protein is essential for ciliary growth and maintenance. Also known as HIPPI , human IFT 57 can be translocated to the nucleus via a molecular partner of the Huntingtin, Hip1, inducing gene expression changes. In Paramecium tetraurelia , we identified four IFT 57 genes forming two subfamilies IFT 57A/B and IFT 57C/D arising from whole genome duplications. The depletion of proteins of the two subfamilies induced ciliary defects and IFT 57A and IFT 57C localized in basal bodies and cilia. We observed that IFT 57A, but not IFT 57C, is also present in the macronucleus and able to traffic toward the developing anlage during autogamy. Analysis of chimeric IFT 57A‐ IFT 57C‐ GFP ‐tagged proteins allowed us to identify a region of IFT 57A necessary for nuclear localization. We studied the localization of the unique IFT 57 protein of Paramecium caudatum , a species, which diverged from P. tetraurelia before the whole genome duplications. The P. caudatum IFT 57C protein was excluded from the nucleus. We also analyzed whether the overexpression of IFT 57A in Paramecium could affect gene transcription as the human protein does in HeLa cells. The expression of some genes was indeed affected by overexpression of IFT 57A, but the set of affected genes poorly overlaps the set of genes affected in human cells.