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In vitro efficacy of commercial and experimental proteolytic enzyme‐based whitening dentifrices on enamel whitening and superficial roughness
Author(s) -
Schwarzbold Christian Gonçalves,
CuevasSuárez Carlos Enrique,
Pacheco Rafael Rocha,
Ribeiro Juliana Silva,
Carreño Neftali Lenin Villarreal,
Lund Rafael Guerra,
Piva Evandro
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
journal of esthetic and restorative dentistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.919
H-Index - 60
eISSN - 1708-8240
pISSN - 1496-4155
DOI - 10.1111/jerd.12690
Subject(s) - dentifrice , enamel paint , toothbrush , materials science , tooth brushing , dentistry , tooth whitening , tooth enamel , papain , chemistry , composite material , fluoride , medicine , brush , biochemistry , enzyme , inorganic chemistry
Objective To evaluate the whiteness index ( W ID ) and surface roughness (Ra) of bovine enamel after simulated tooth brushing with different commercial and experimental whitening dentifrices. Materials and Methods Cylindrical enamel bovine specimens were acid etched, stained, and divided in nine groups ( n = 8): Colgate® Optic White®, Crest® Baking Soda and Peroxide, Arm and Hammer® Advanced White™ Extreme Whitening, Rembrandt® Deeply White® + Peroxide, Close up® White Attraction Natural Glow, Hinode Prowhite, and experimental dentifrice containing papain (PP), bromelain (PB), or papain and bromelain (PPB). Ra and W ID were obtained initially and after 600, 1200, and 3,600 cycles of simulated tooth brushing. Data were analyzed using two‐way analysis of variance test ( α = 0.05). Results Ra was significantly influenced by both dentifrice ( p = 0.043) and period of tooth‐brushing simulation ( p < 0.001). Except for PP and PPB, all groups showed a statistically significant increase in Ra after simulated tooth brushing. After staining and brushing, none of the materials tested increased the initial W ID . Conclusions The effect of commercial whitening dentifrices may be related to their high abrasiveness. Experimental formulations tested provided a similar effect without undesired wear of enamel. Whitening dentifrices only act through an abrasive effect rather than bleaching the tooth structures. When used, special care must be taken for avoid undesired wear of enamel. Experimental dentifrices provided similar removal of extrinsic stains without undesired abrasiveness; however, this effect may be due to the use of less aggressive abrasives in their formulations.