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Effects of Vertical Positions of Anterior Teeth on Smile Esthetics in J apanese and K orean Orthodontists and Orthodontic Patients
Author(s) -
Ioi Hideki,
Kang Sangwook,
Shimomura Takahiro,
Kim SeongSik,
Park SooByung,
Son WooSung,
Takahashi Ichiro
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
journal of esthetic and restorative dentistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.919
H-Index - 60
eISSN - 1708-8240
pISSN - 1496-4155
DOI - 10.1111/jerd.12032
Subject(s) - anterior teeth , upper lip , dentistry , medicine , orthodontics , visual analogue scale , attractiveness , lower lip , psychology , anatomy , surgery , psychoanalysis
Statement of Problem The perception of a pleasing smile may differ between the countries in A sia or may be converging on a more internationally pleasing one. Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of vertical positions of anterior teeth on smile esthetics as assessed by J apanese and K orean orthodontists as well as by orthodontic patients. Materials and Methods A standard composite smile was constructed from different females' intraoral and extraoral photographs. Vertical positions of anterior teeth were modified digitally in 1‐mm increments, from 5 mm upper lip coverage of the incisors to 5 mm gingival exposure. Using a visual analog scale, 41 Japanese orthodontists and 96 J apanese orthodontic patients, 25 K orean orthodontists, and 72 K orean orthodontic patients rated the attractiveness of 11 smiles with altered gingival displays. Results Overall, the J apanese and K orean raters assigned similar esthetic scores between the corresponding groups. The male orthodontic patients assigned higher scores to the smiles with upper lip coverage of the teeth than the corresponding females did in both countries. The female patients assigned clinically significant higher scores to the smiles from 2 mm upper lip coverage of the teeth to 0 mm gingival exposure in both countries. Conclusions In both countries, the orthodontists and the female patients shared the similar preference in the smile evaluation of vertical positions of anterior teeth, whereas the male orthodontic patients were more tolerant of upper lip coverage of the anterior teeth than the orthodontists and the female patients.Clinical Significance This study proposes 0 mm to 2 mm of upper lip coverage of the teeth as a threshold of acceptability for esthetic smile evaluations in female orthodontic patients. For male orthodontic patients, the paper proposes negative gingival display as a threshold of acceptability for esthetic smile evaluations.