Monitoring oriental fruit moth and codling moth ( L epidoptera: T ortricidae) with combinations of pheromones and kairomones

Experiments were conducted in N orth and S outh A merica during 2012–2013 to evaluate the use of lure combinations of sex pheromones ( PH ), host plant volatiles ( HPVs ) and food baits in traps to capture the oriental fruit moth, G rapholita molesta ( B usck), and codling moth, C ydia pomonella ( L .), in pome and stone fruit orchards treated with sex pheromones. The combination of the sex pheromone of both species ( PH combo lure) significantly increased G . molesta and marginally decreased C . pomonella captures as compared with captures of each species with either of their sex pheromones alone. The addition of a HPV combination lure [( E , Z )‐2,4‐ethyl decadienoate plus ( E )‐ β ‐ocimene] or acetic acid used alone or together did not significantly increase the catch of either species in traps with the PH combo lure. The A jar trap baited with terpinyl acetate and brown sugar ( TAS bait) caught significantly more G . molesta than the delta trap baited with PH combo plus acetic acid in C alifornia during 2012. The addition of a PH combo lure to an A jar trap significantly increased catches of G . molesta compared to the use of the TAS bait or PH combo lure alone in 2013. Female G . molesta were caught in TAS ‐baited A jar traps at similar levels with or without the use of additional lures. Ajar traps baited with the TAS bait alone or with ( E )‐ β ‐ocimene and/or PH combo lures caught significantly fewer C . pomonella than delta traps with sex pheromone alone. Ajar traps with 6.4‐mm screened flaps caught similar numbers of total and female G . molesta as similarly baited open A jar traps, and with a significant reduction in the catch of non‐targets. Broader testing of HPV and PH combo lures for G . molesta in either delta or screened or open A jar traps is warranted.