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Sex‐specific responses of A sian citrus psyllid to volatiles of conspecific and host‐plant origin
Author(s) -
Moghbeli Gharaei A.,
Ziaaddini M.,
Jalali M. A.,
Michaud J. P.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
journal of applied entomology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.795
H-Index - 60
eISSN - 1439-0418
pISSN - 0931-2048
DOI - 10.1111/jen.12107
Subject(s) - honeydew , biology , nymph , citrus paradisi , orange (colour) , botany , host (biology) , horticulture , olfactometer , diaphorina citri , ceratopogonidae , citrus × sinensis , zoology , rutaceae , hemiptera , ecology
D iaphorina citri K uwayama ( H emiptera: P syllidae) is the primary vector of C andidatus L iberibacter spp. bacteria that cause citrus greening, a disease of worldwide importance. Olfactometry was employed to test responses of D . citri to odours from intact citrus plants ( M exican lime, C itrus aurantifolia , sour orange, C itrus aurantium , Marsh grapefruit, C itrus paradisi and V alencia orange, C itrus sinensis ), citrus plants previously infested with D . citri , and odours of conspecifics including nymphs, adult insects of same and opposite sex, and their products (honeydew), both alone and in combination. In contrast to other studies, psyllids of both sexes were attracted to volatiles of undamaged M exican lime leaves, whereas undamaged grapefruit attracted only females, and leaves of V alencia and sour orange did not attract either sex. All four plant species attracted female psyllids when previously infested, but only M exican lime and sour orange‐attracted males. Thus, C itrus species appear to vary in the production of both constituitive and induced volatiles that attract adult psyllids. Volatiles emitted by nymphs did not attract either sex, but psyllid honeydew was attractive to males, likely due to female pheromone residues. Males oriented to the odour of females, whereas the reverse was not true, and neither males nor females oriented to same‐sex volatiles. The addition of conspecific cues (adults, nymphs or honeydew) did not increase female attraction to previously infested leaves, but male response was increased by the presence of adults and honeydew, regardless of plant species. Thus, female psyllids appear to orient more strongly to volatiles of plant origin, whereas males respond more strongly to cues emanating from females and conspecific excretions. These results suggest that female psyllids drive the initial colonization of host plants, whereas males orient to females and infested plants. Identification of the specific volatiles involved may permit their use in monitoring and management of this pest.