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Autophagy activators stimulate the removal of advanced glycation end products in human keratinocytes
Author(s) -
Laughlin T.,
Tan Y.,
Jarrold B.,
Chen J.,
Li L.,
Fang B.,
Zhao W.,
Tamura M.,
Matsubara A.,
Deng G.,
Wang X.,
Hakozaki T.
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
journal of the european academy of dermatology and venereology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.655
H-Index - 107
eISSN - 1468-3083
pISSN - 0926-9959
DOI - 10.1111/jdv.16453
Subject(s) - glycation , autophagy , medicine , epidermis (zoology) , keratinocyte , in vitro , population , lysine , dermatology , chemistry , biochemistry , anatomy , apoptosis , amino acid , receptor , environmental health
Background The accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) can impact cellular homoeostasis and protein structure, thus is implicated in numerous skin conditions including yellow, dull appearance. AGE formation is irreversible; thus, understanding of the recycling process of AGEs in the skin is critical for addressing skin appearance conditions. Objective To determine whether (i) accumulation of AGEs occurs in dull appearance group among young population (age 20–29) (ii) in vitro autophagy stimulation results in reduction of AGEs in keratinocytes. Methods Facial cheek biopsies were collected from Chinese women (age 20–50) exhibiting either dull or non‐dull appearing skin. Histological assessment of glycation was performed for representative subjects among the 20–29 years sub‐group by immunofluorescence staining of AGEs. LC‐MS methods and keratinocyte cell culture were used to assess impact of autophagy modulators and skin care materials on carboxymethyl lysine (CML) amount, a representative AGE. Results Notable amounts of AGEs were observed in the epidermal samples among young females. Interestingly, the amount of AGEs was significantly higher among the dull skin appearance group. Treatment of keratinocytes with glyceraldehyde (GLA) enhanced CML in the cells, and postglycation treatment with autophagy activators reduced CML. Two skin care materials, Nymphaea alba flower extract (a.k.a. white water lily extract) and sucrose dilaurate, were identified based from in vitro autophagy activation and found to reduce CML in keratinocytes. Conclusion We found AGEs accumulate in the facial epidermis even among young people, correlating to a yellow and dull appearance. We also demonstrated in vitro activation of autophagy can reduce AGEs in keratinocytes, and autophagy activating skin care materials, N. alba flower extract and sucrose dilaurate, also reduce AGEs in the keratinocyte in vitro model. These data suggest epidermal AGEs contribute to the dull skin appearance, and autophagy activators may provide an effective solution to improve dull appearance by removing and recycling the accumulated glycation in the skin.