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Proton pump inhibitors as a possible cause of vitiligo: an in vivo and in vitro study
Author(s) -
Shin J.M.,
Lee J.Y.,
Lee D.Y.,
Yoon T.Y.,
Lee J.C.,
Lim E.H.,
Sohn K.C.,
Lee Y.H.,
Im M.,
Seo Y.J.,
Kim C.D.,
Lee J.H.,
Lee Y.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
journal of the european academy of dermatology and venereology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.655
H-Index - 107
eISSN - 1468-3083
pISSN - 0926-9959
DOI - 10.1111/jdv.12317
Subject(s) - vitiligo , depigmentation , in vivo , tyrosinase , medicine , zebrafish , in vitro , melanin , blot , melanoma , melanocyte , pharmacology , cancer research , immunology , dermatology , biology , enzyme , biochemistry , genetics , gene
Background Vitiligo is an acquired depigmentation disorder of melanocytes. Recently, some clinical reports have suggested that proton pump inhibitors ( PPI s) may worsen vitiligo, but their effects on melanocytes have yet to be elucidated. Objective We investigated the effect of PPI s on melanogenesis in vivo and in vitro . Methods We examined the effect of PPI s on melanogenesis in B16 murine melanoma cells by measuring melanin content and tyrosinase ( TYR ) activity. TYR and tyrosinase‐related protein‐1 ( TRP ‐1) were monitored by western blotting. Finally, a PPI was applied to zebrafish embryos to investigate its in vivo effect on pigmentation. Results In agreement with our clinical experience of worsened vitiligo after PPI treatment, PPI s decreased both melanin content and TYR activity. Western blotting showed that PPI s decreased TYR and TRP ‐1 protein levels. In the zebrafish test, PPI s inhibited body pigmentation in a dose‐dependent manner. Conclusion These results suggest that the functional inhibition of melanization by PPI s may induce or aggravate vitiligo lesions in genetically predisposed patients.