Open AccessAnti‐inflammatory role of glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide in periodontitis
Author(s) -
Suzuki Yuki,
Nakamura Nobuhisa,
Miyabe Megumi,
Nishikawa Toru,
Miyajima Shinichi,
Adachi Kei,
Mizutani Makoto,
Kikuchi Takeshi,
Miyazawa Ken,
Goto Shigemi,
Tsukiyama Katsushi,
Yamada Yuichiro,
Ohno Norikazu,
Noguchi Toshihide,
Mitani Akio,
Matsubara Tatsuaki,
Naruse Keiko
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
journal of diabetes investigation
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.089
H-Index - 50
eISSN - 2040-1124
pISSN - 2040-1116
DOI - 10.1111/jdi.12450
Subject(s) - periodontitis , inflammation , medicine , tumor necrosis factor alpha , lipopolysaccharide , endocrinology , nitric oxide synthase , nitric oxide
Aims/Introduction The involvement of glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide ( GIP ) on inflammation was explored in atherosclerosis and adipose tissue. Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease, and is considered one of the diabetic complications. In the present study, to examine the effect of GIP on periodontitis, we induced experimental periodontitis in glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor‐knockout mice ( GIPRKO ). We also investigated the anti‐inflammatory effect of GIP in a culture system. Materials and Methods Experimental periodontitis was induced by ligature wire in GIPRKO and C57 BL /C mice. Two weeks after the ligature, immunohistological evaluation and inflammatory messenger ribonucleic acid expression in the gingiva was examined. To elucidate the role of GIP in inflammation, the effects of GIP on lipopolysaccharide‐induced gene expressions in THP ‐1 cells were evaluated. Results Periodontitis increased inflammatory cell infiltration, macrophage accumulation and tumor necrosis factor‐α and nitric oxide synthase gene expressions in the gingiva. Periodontitis in GIPRKO showed a marked increase of inflammatory cells in the gingivomucosal tissue. Mac‐1‐positive macrophages and the inflammatory gene expressions were significantly increased in periodontitis in GIPRKO compared with C57 BL /C mice periodontitis. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed that GIP receptors were expressed in residual and infiltrated Mac‐1‐positive macrophages. The in vitro study showed that GIP suppressed lipopolysaccharide‐induced tumor necrosis factor‐α and nitric oxide synthase gene expression in a dose‐dependent manner. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of GIP on lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammatory gene expressions was at least partially through cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A pathway. Conclusions These results suggest the beneficial effects of GIP on periodontal disease. In diabetic patients, GIP is expected to have a direct anti‐inflammatory effect on periodontitis in addition to its glucose‐lowering effect.