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Aims/Introduction  Previously, it was observed that long‐term ingestion of a probiotic strain   L actobacillus casei   S hirota ( LcS ) ameliorates insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in rats fed a high‐fat diet. In the present study, we examined its possible role in the autonomic nervous system during  LcS ‐induced modulations in glucose and lipid metabolism or cardiovascular functions.    Materials and Methods  The present study examined the effects of intragastric ( IG )  LcS  injection on autonomic nerve tones in anesthetized rats by electrophysiological method.    Results  We found that an  IG  injection of  LcS  suppressed neural activity of sympathetic nerves supplying the white adipose tissue of urethane‐anesthetized rats in a dose‐dependent manner, whereas sympathetic nerve outflow to brown adipose tissue was not affected by the  IG LcS  injection. Furthermore, the  IG LcS  injection reduced efferent sympathetic nerve outflow to the adrenal gland and liver, but did not alter gastric vagal nerve activity, renal sympathetic nerve activity, as well as mean arterial pressure. To test the involvement of afferent vagal nerves and the abdominal organs, we examined the adrenal sympathetic response to an  LcS  injection in rats with ablated afferent vagal nerves, and found that the adrenal sympathetic nerve response to  LcS  was inhibited in vagotomized rats. In addition, we found that oral ingestion of  LcS  attenuated the hyperglycemic response to glucose loading and blood glycerol levels in conscious rats.    Conclusions  Our data suggest that  LcS  might affect tissue‐specific autonomic nerves through the afferent vagal nerve pathway to modulate glucose and lipid metabolism.

journal of diabetes investigation

Injection of   L actobacillus casei  strain  S hirota affects autonomic nerve activities in a tissue‐specific manner, and regulates glucose and lipid metabolism in rats