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Unique prediction of developmental psychopathology from genetic and familial risk
Author(s) -
Loughnan Robert J.,
Palmer Clare E.,
Makowski Carolina,
Thompson Wesley K.,
Barch Deanna M.,
Jernigan Terry L.,
Dale Anders M.,
Fan Chun Chieh
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
journal of child psychology and psychiatry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.652
H-Index - 211
eISSN - 1469-7610
pISSN - 0021-9630
DOI - 10.1111/jcpp.13649
Subject(s) - psychopathology , psychology , clinical psychology , conduct disorder , polygenic risk score , schizophrenia (object oriented programming) , cognition , psychiatry , attention deficit hyperactivity disorder , psychosis , genetics , single nucleotide polymorphism , biology , genotype , gene
Background Early detection is critical for easing the rising burden of psychiatric disorders. However, the specificity of psychopathological measurements and genetic predictors is unclear among youth. Methods We measured associations between genetic risk for psychopathology (polygenic risk scores (PRS) and family history (FH) measures) and a wide range of behavioral measures in a large sample ( n  = 5,204) of early adolescent participants (9–11 years) from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study SM . Associations were measured both with and without accounting for shared variance across measures of genetic risk. Results When controlling for genetic risk for other psychiatric disorders, polygenic risk for problematic opioid use (POU) is uniquely associated with lower behavioral inhibition. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression (DEP), and attempted suicide (SUIC) PRS shared many significant associations with externalizing, internalizing, and psychosis‐related behaviors. However, when accounting for all measures of genetic and familial risk, these PRS also showed clear, unique patterns of association. Polygenic risk for ASD, BIP, and SCZ, and attempted suicide uniquely predicted variability in cognitive performance. FH accounted for unique variability in behavior above and beyond PRS and vice versa, with FH measures explaining a greater proportion of unique variability compared to the PRS. Conclusion Our results indicate that, among youth, many behaviors show shared genetic influences; however, there is also specificity in the profile of emerging psychopathologies for individuals with high genetic risk for particular disorders. This may be useful for quantifying early, differential risk for psychopathology in development.

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