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Structural and functional connectivity in children and adolescents with and without attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Author(s) -
Bos Dienke J.,
Oranje Bob,
Achterberg Michelle,
Vlaskamp Chantal,
Ambrosino Sara,
Reus Marcel A.,
Heuvel Martijn P.,
Rombouts Serge A.R.B.,
Durston Sarah
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
journal of child psychology and psychiatry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.652
H-Index - 211
eISSN - 1469-7610
pISSN - 0021-9630
DOI - 10.1111/jcpp.12712
Subject(s) - resting state fmri , default mode network , psychology , functional connectivity , attention deficit hyperactivity disorder , prefrontal cortex , superior frontal gyrus , functional magnetic resonance imaging , neuroscience , white matter , inferior frontal gyrus , frontal lobe , brain mapping , audiology , cognition , psychiatry , magnetic resonance imaging , medicine , radiology
Background Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) has frequently been associated with changes in resting‐state functional connectivity, and decreased white matter ( WM ) integrity. In the current study, we investigated functional connectivity within Default Mode and frontal control resting‐state networks ( RSN s) in children with and without ADHD . We hypothesized the RSN s of interest would show a pattern of impaired functional integration and segregation and corresponding changes in WM structure. Methods Resting‐state f MRI and diffusion‐weighted imaging data were acquired from 35 participants with ADHD and 36 matched typically developing peers, aged 6 through 18 years. Functional connectivity was assessed using independent component analysis. Network topology and WM connectivity were further investigated using graph theoretical measures and tract‐based spatial statistics ( TBSS ). Results Resting‐state f MRI analyses showed increased functional connectivity in right inferior frontal gyrus ( IFG ), and bilateral medial prefrontal cortex (m PFC ) within the Default Mode and frontal control networks. Furthermore, a more diffuse spatial pattern of functional connectivity was found in children with ADHD . We found no group differences in structural connectivity as assessed with TBSS or graph theoretical measures. Conclusions Resting‐state networks show a more diffuse pattern of connectivity in children with ADHD . The increases in functional connectivity in right IFG and bilateral m PFC in children with ADHD may reflect reduced or delayed functional segregation of prefrontal brain regions. As these functional changes were not accompanied by changes in WM , they may precede the development of the frequently reported changes in WM structure.