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Association of oral bacteria with oral hygiene habits and self‐reported gingival bleeding
Author(s) -
Bertelsen Randi Jacobsen,
Barrionuevo Antonio Manuel Perez,
Shigdel Rajesh,
Lie Stein Atle,
Lin Huang,
Real Francisco Gomez,
RingelKulka Tamar,
Åstrøm Anne Nordrehaug,
Svanes Cecilie
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
journal of clinical periodontology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.456
H-Index - 151
eISSN - 1600-051X
pISSN - 0303-6979
DOI - 10.1111/jcpe.13644
Subject(s) - treponema denticola , oral hygiene , medicine , bleeding on probing , dentistry , gingivitis , bacteroides , periodontitis , porphyromonas gingivalis , oral microbiome , chronic periodontitis , biology , bacteria , oral cavity , genetics
Aim To describe associations of gingival bacterial composition and diversity with self‐reported gingival bleeding and oral hygiene habits in a Norwegian regional‐based population. Materials and Methods We examined the microbiome composition of the gingival fluid (16S amplicon sequencing) in 484 adult participants (47% females; median age 28 years) in the Respiratory Health in Northern Europe, Spain and Australia (RHINESSA) study in Bergen, Norway. We explored bacterial diversity and abundance differences by the community periodontal index score, self‐reported frequency of gingival bleeding, and oral hygiene habits. Results Gingival bacterial diversity increased with increasing frequency of self‐reported gingival bleeding, with higher Shannon diversity index for “always” β = 0.51 and “often” β = 0.75 ( p < .001) compared to “never” gingival bleeding. Frequent gingival bleeding was associated with higher abundance of several bacteria such as Porphyromonas endodontalis , Treponema denticola , and Fretibacterium spp . , but lower abundance of bacteria within the gram‐positive phyla Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. Flossing and rinsing with mouthwash twice daily were associated with higher total abundance of bacteria in the Proteobacteria phylum but with lower bacterial diversity compared to those who never flossed or never used mouthwash. Conclusions A high frequency of self‐reported gingival bleeding was associated with higher bacterial diversity than found in participants reporting no gingival bleeding and with higher total abundance of known periodontal pathogens such as Porphyromona s spp., Treponema spp., and Bacteroides spp.