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The microbiome of dental and peri‐implant subgingival plaque during peri‐implant mucositis therapy: A randomized clinical trial
Author(s) -
Philip Juliana,
Buijs Mark J.,
Pappalardo Vincent Y.,
Crielaard Wim,
Brandt Bernd W.,
Zaura Egija
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
journal of clinical periodontology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.456
H-Index - 151
eISSN - 1600-051X
pISSN - 0303-6979
DOI - 10.1111/jcpe.13566
Subject(s) - mucositis , dentistry , gingivitis , medicine , chlorhexidine , debridement (dental) , peri implantitis , streptococcus sanguinis , implant , microbiome , placebo , capnocytophaga , biofilm , surgery , biology , pathology , bioinformatics , bacteria , alternative medicine , chemotherapy , genetics
Aim To assess the microbial effects of mechanical debridement in conjunction with a mouthrinse on sites with peri‐implant mucositis and gingivitis. Materials and methods Eighty‐nine patients with peri‐implant mucositis were included in a double‐blinded, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial with mechanical debridement and 1‐month use of either delmopinol, chlorhexidine (CHX), or a placebo mouthrinse. Submucosal and subgingival plaque samples of implants and teeth were collected at baseline and after 1 and 3 months, processed for 16S V4 rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, and analysed bioinformatically. Results The sites with peri‐implant mucositis presented with a less diverse and less anaerobic microbiome. Exposure to delmopinol or CHX, but not to the placebo mouthrinse resulted in microbial changes after 1 month. The healthy sites around the teeth harboured a more diverse and more anaerobe‐rich microbiome than the healthy sites around the implants. Conclusions Peri‐implant sites with mucositis harbour ecologically less complex and less anaerobic biofilms with lower biomass than patient‐matched dental sites with gingivitis while eliciting an equal inflammatory response. Adjunctive antimicrobial therapy in addition to mechanical debridement does affect both dental and peri‐implant biofilm composition in the short term, resulting in a less dysbiotic subgingival biofilm.