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Periodontal diseases and depression: A pre‐clinical in vivo study
Author(s) -
Martínez María,
MartínHernández David,
Virto Leire,
MacDowell Karina S.,
Montero Eduardo,
GonzálezBris Álvaro,
Marín María José,
Ambrosio Nagore,
Herrera David,
Leza Juan Carlos,
Sanz Mariano,
GarcíaBueno Borja,
Figuero Elena
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
journal of clinical periodontology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.456
H-Index - 151
eISSN - 1600-051X
pISSN - 0303-6979
DOI - 10.1111/jcpe.13420
Subject(s) - fusobacterium nucleatum , porphyromonas gingivalis , periodontitis , neuroinflammation , medicine , in vivo , dental alveolus , corticosterone , lipopolysaccharide , endocrinology , inflammation , dentistry , biology , microbiology and biotechnology , hormone
Aim To analyse, through a pre‐clinical in vivo model, the possible mechanisms linking depression and periodontitis at behavioural, microbiological and molecular levels. Materials and methods Periodontitis (P) was induced in Wistar:Han rats (oral gavages with Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum ) during 12 weeks, followed by a 3‐week period of Chronic Mild Stress (CMS) induction. Four groups ( n = 12 rats/group) were obtained: periodontitis and CMS (P+CMS+); periodontitis without CMS; CMS without periodontitis; and control. Periodontal clinical variables, alveolar bone levels (ABL), depressive‐like behaviour, microbial counts and expression of inflammatory mediators in plasma and brain frontal cortex (FC), were measured. ANOVA tests were applied. Results The highest values for ABL occurred in the P+CMS+ group, which also presented the highest expression of pro‐inflammatory mediators (TNF‐α, IL‐1β and NF‐kB) in frontal cortex, related to the lipoprotein APOA1‐mediated transport of bacterial lipopolysaccharide to the brain and the detection of F. nucleatum in the brain parenchyma. A dysregulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal stress axis, reflected by the increase in plasma corticosterone and glucocorticoid receptor levels in FC, was also found in this group. Conclusions Neuroinflammation induced by F. nucleatum (through a leaky mouth) might act as the linking mechanism between periodontal diseases and depression.