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Dose‐dependent effect of smoking and smoking cessation on periodontitis‐related tooth loss during 10 ‐ 47 years periodontal maintenance—A retrospective study in compliant cohort
Author(s) -
Ravidà Andrea,
Troiano Giuseppe,
Qazi Musa,
Saleh Muhammad H. A.,
Saleh Islam,
Borgnakke Wenche S.,
Wang HomLay
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
journal of clinical periodontology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.456
H-Index - 151
eISSN - 1600-051X
pISSN - 0303-6979
DOI - 10.1111/jcpe.13336
Subject(s) - medicine , periodontitis , smoking cessation , retrospective cohort study , dentistry , cohort , tooth loss , cohort study , oral health , pathology
Abstract Aim We retrospectively explored effects of smoking on tooth loss due to periodontitis (TLP) in long‐term compliant patients. Materials and Methods Chart data were collected from 258 patients undergoing post‐non‐surgical periodontal treatment (mean 2.24 visits/year) for 10–47.5 (mean 24.2) years. Patients were categorized as: (1) never smokers, (2) former smokers, (3) current light smokers (<10 cigarettes/day) and (4) current heavy smokers (≥10 cigarettes/day). Results Of 6,590 teeth present at baseline (mean 25.6 teeth/patient), 264 teeth were lost due to periodontitis, corresponding to 0.03, 0.05, 0.08 and 0.11 TLP annually among never smokers, former smokers, current light smokers and current heavy smokers, respectively. A tooth from a current heavy smoker had 4.4‐fold, 2.7‐fold and 2.6‐fold greater risk of TLP than a tooth from a never smoker, a current light smoker and a former smoker, respectively. Both heavy and light former smokers needed washout periods of approximately 15 years to reach the TLP risk level of never smokers. The TLP risk decreased by 6%/year of smoking cessation. Conclusions It took almost 15 years of smoking cessation for the risk of TLP among former smokers to reach the level of never smokers. Hence, the 2018 periodontitis grading system should consider the impact of the “washout” period on former smokers.