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Genetic and environmental contributions to the association between mood disorder and periodontal disease: A cross‐sectional study among female twins in the UK
Author(s) -
Kurushima Yuko,
Bowyer Ruth,
Ide Mark,
Hughes Francis J.,
Steves Claire J.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
journal of clinical periodontology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.456
H-Index - 151
eISSN - 1600-051X
pISSN - 0303-6979
DOI - 10.1111/jcpe.13045
Subject(s) - periodontitis , medicine , confounding , anxiety , aggressive periodontitis , cross sectional study , bleeding on probing , depression (economics) , twin study , heritability , psychiatry , biology , pathology , genetics , economics , macroeconomics
Aim This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with periodontal traits considering genetic and environmental background in predominantly older female twins. Methods This was a cross‐sectional study using self‐reported questionnaires for periodontal traits in TwinsUK. Age‐adjusted and age‐stratified multivariate analyses were conducted for all twins. Subsequently, co‐twin control analysis within genetically identical twins who were discordant for periodontal traits was performed by controlling for genetic confounders. Results Data of twins aged 20–91 were available in 4,143 individuals for self‐reported periodontitis and 4,244 for gum bleeding. Age‐adjusted model showed increasing risk in the following: smoking, anxiety/stress and depression for both periodontal traits. Within discordant monozygotic (MZ) twins (514 individuals for periodontitis and 754 for gum bleeding), the association of anxiety/stress remained significant for both periodontitis (OR 1.60, CI: 1.02–2.52) and gum bleeding (OR 1.60, CI: 1.06–2.40). A significant relationship for depression remained for periodontitis (OR 1.68, CI: 1.04–2.70), but it was no longer significant for gum bleeding. Age stratification showed that the association of mood disorders with periodontal traits was generally stronger in older group. Conclusions Multivariate analysis among discordant MZ female twins found mood disorders were independently associated with periodontal traits, suggesting that genetic/early‐life environmental factors may not explain this association.