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Cytokine expression in peri‐implant crevicular fluid in relation to bacterial presence
Author(s) -
Renvert Stefan,
Widén Cecilia,
Persson Gösta Rutger
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
journal of clinical periodontology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.456
H-Index - 151
eISSN - 1600-051X
pISSN - 0303-6979
DOI - 10.1111/jcpe.12422
Subject(s) - peri implantitis , staphylococcus epidermidis , cytokine , implant , medicine , interleukin 8 , bleeding on probing , peri , staphylococcus aureus , microbiology and biotechnology , dentistry , immunology , biology , bacteria , periodontitis , surgery , genetics
Aim The aim was to assess clinical inflammatory parameters, cytokine levels and bacterial counts in samples from implant crevicular fluid in cases with untreated peri‐implantitis. Material and Methods Several bacterial species known to up‐regulate pro‐inflammatory cytokines have been associated with peri‐implantitis. The Luminex magnet bead technology was used to study cytokines in crevicular fluid. The checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization method was used to study bacterial counts in samples from 41 implants (41 individuals). Results Profuse bleeding and suppuration was found in 25/41 (61.0%) of the implants. The reliability of duplicate cytokine processing was high. In the presence of profuse bleeding, higher pg/ml levels of IL‐1β ( p = 0.02), IL‐8 ( p = 0.04), TNF‐α ( p = 0.03) and VEGF ( p = 0.004) were found. Higher concentrations of IL‐1β were found in the presence of suppuration, and if Escherichia coli ( p = 0.001) or Staphylococcus epidermidis ( p = 0.05) could be detected. Conclusion Profuse bleeding and/or suppuration in untreated peri‐implantitis can be associated with higher concentrations of IL‐1β, IL‐8, TNF‐α and VEGF in peri‐implant crevicular fluid. A higher concentration of IL‐1β in peri‐implant crevicular fluid was found in samples that were positive for E. coli or S. epidermidis .