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Increased infection with key periodontal pathogens during gestational diabetes mellitus
Author(s) -
Gogeneni Himabindu,
Buduneli Nurcan,
CeyhanÖztürk Banu,
Gümüş Pınar,
Akcali Aliye,
Zeller Iris,
Renaud Diane E.,
Scott David A.,
Özçaka Özgün
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
journal of clinical periodontology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.456
H-Index - 151
eISSN - 1600-051X
pISSN - 0303-6979
DOI - 10.1111/jcpe.12418
Subject(s) - gingivitis , medicine , gestational diabetes , periodontitis , porphyromonas gingivalis , diabetes mellitus , pregnancy , treponema denticola , immunology , gestation , dentistry , biology , endocrinology , genetics
Aim Gestational diabetes mellitus ( GDM ), gingivitis, infection with specific periodontal pathogens and systemic inflammation each increase the risk for poor pregnancy outcome. We set out to monitor the interactions of gingivitis and GDM with respect to oral infection and the systemic inflammatory burden. Materials and Methods Four case–control groups ( n = 117) were recruited, (1) No gingivitis , No GDM ( n = 27); (2) Gingivitis , No GDM ( n = 31); (3) No gingivitis, GDM ( n = 21); and (4) Gingivitis, GDM ( n = 38). Oral infection with three key periodontal pathogens was determined by PCR . Systemic inflammation was determined by quantification of CRP by EIA . Results Gingivitis during pregnancy was associated with oral infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis , Filifactor alocis and Treponema denticola and combinations thereof (all p < 0.01). GDM was also associated with increased infection with individual and multiple oral pathogens (all p < 0.05). Gingivitis during pregnancy led to a 325% increase in systemic CRP (mean, 2495 versus 8116 ng/ml, p < 0.01). Conclusions Diabetes and gingivitis act in concert to increase risk biomarkers for poor pregnancy outcome.